The nurse learns that a family has declined an elective medical intervention for a health care problem because paying for the care would drastically reduce the family's resources and ability to meet the needs of other family members. Ethically, which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse?
Appreciate that the family has made the decision that it feels is best and take no further action if it is clear the family has made an informed choice.
Try to convince the agency to give the care for free, even if it means economic stress for the agency, because the medical need is obvious.
Stress that each individual in society has a right to health care and the family will have to create some way to raise funds for the needed treatment.
Talk to the media to see whether a campaign to raise funds for the family can be created.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Appreciate that the family has made the decision that it feels is best and take no further action if it is clear the family has made an informed choice: Respecting autonomy is a key ethical principle in nursing. If the family has made an informed decision without coercion, the nurse should respect their choice. Beneficence and nonmaleficence do not override autonomy in this case.
B. Try to convince the agency to give the care for free, even if it means economic stress for the agency, because the medical need is obvious: While advocacy is important, it is unethical to place financial strain on an agency without proper policy in place. This option disregards justice (fair distribution of resources).
C. Stress that each individual in society has a right to healthcare and the family will have to create some way to raise funds for the needed treatment: While healthcare access is a concern, pressuring the family to raise funds imposes unrealistic expectations and does not respect their right to decline care.
D. Talk to the media to see whether a campaign to raise funds for the family can be created: Disclosing a family's personal health information without consent violates confidentiality and privacy rights under ethical and legal guidelines.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
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Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B","dropdown-group-2":"A","dropdown-group-3":"A"}
Explanation
I. Agent: Plasmodium-Plasmodium is a protozoan parasite responsible for causing malaria. It is the infectious microorganism that leads to disease, making it the agent in this scenario.
II. Host: Human- In malaria transmission, humans serve as the primary host where Plasmodium multiplies and causes illness. The parasite infects red blood cells, leading to symptoms like fever and chills.
III. Environment: Stagnant water- Stagnant water serves as a breeding ground for Anopheles mosquitoes, which are the vectors that transmit Plasmodium to humans. The environment plays a crucial role in maintaining the conditions necessary for disease transmission.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Chronic diseases (heart disease, cancer, stroke): Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and stroke, are the leading causes of death globally. These diseases account for over 70% of deaths worldwide.
B. Terrorism: While terrorism causes loss of life, it does not account for nearly as many deaths as chronic diseases.
C. Infectious diseases: Infectious diseases remain a major concern, especially in developing nations, but chronic diseases surpass them as the leading cause of death.
D. Injuries (accidental or purposeful): Injuries contribute to mortality but are not the leading cause of death worldwide.
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