A nurse is listening to a client who is a victim of intimate partner violence. The client is describing how events would unfold with the partner. The nurse interprets the client's statements and identifies which action as characteristic of the second phase of the cycle of violence?

The batterer is contrite and attempts to apologize for the behavior.

The victim accepts the anger as legitimately directed at him or her.

The physical battery is abrupt and unpredictable.

Verbal assaults begin to escalate toward the victim.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. The batterer is contrite and attempts to apologize for the behavior. - This action is more characteristic of the "honeymoon" phase, which follows the tension-building phase and involves the abuser expressing remorse or making promises to change.

B. The victim accepts the anger as legitimately directed at him or her. - This is not specifically characteristic of the second phase but could potentially occur as a coping mechanism or as a result of manipulation and gaslighting tactics employed by the abuser.

C. The physical battery is abrupt and unpredictable. - This description aligns more closely with the acute battering incident, which occurs in the final phase of the cycle of violence, following the tension-building phase.

D. Verbal assaults begin to escalate toward the victim. - This option reflects the tension-building phase, where verbal abuse and other forms of intimidation may escalate in frequency and intensity as the tension between the abuser and victim increases.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. adjunct therapy to radiation and chemotherapy:

This option is not applicable to HIV/AIDS treatment. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is specifically used to treat HIV infection by targeting the replication of the virus. It is not used as adjunct therapy to radiation or chemotherapy, which are treatments typically used for cancer.

B. treatment of opportunistic infections:

While antiretroviral therapy (ART) can help prevent opportunistic infections by boosting the immune system, its primary purpose is not the treatment of these infections. Rather, ART focuses on suppressing the replication of the HIV virus itself.

C. reduction in viral loads in the blood:

This is the correct rationale for antiretroviral therapy. The main goal of ART is to reduce the viral load in the blood to undetectable levels. By doing so, ART helps to slow the progression of HIV infection, improve immune function, and reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to others.

D. can cure acute HIV/AIDS infections:

This statement is incorrect. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) is highly effective in controlling HIV infection and preventing progression to AIDS, it does not cure acute HIV/AIDS infections. HIV remains a chronic condition that requires lifelong management with ART.

A. Void every hour while awake. B. Take a laxative every night. C. Limit the intake of fluid. D. Perform Kegel exercises daily.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Void every hour while awake:

Voiding every hour while awake may help prevent urinary retention and reduce the risk of overdistension of the bladder, particularly in the immediate postoperative period or in individuals with urinary issues. However, this action alone does not specifically target the muscles involved in urinary sphincter control. While it may assist in maintaining bladder health and preventing complications, it does not directly address regaining control of the urinary sphincter after bladder surgery.

B. Take a laxative every night:

Laxatives are medications used to relieve constipation by promoting bowel movements. However, taking a laxative every night is not relevant to regaining control of the urinary sphincter after bladder surgery. While constipation can indirectly affect bladder function by causing pressure on the bladder, it is not a direct method for strengthening the muscles involved in urinary sphincter control.

C. Limit the intake of fluid:

Limiting fluid intake may be recommended in certain situations, such as managing urinary frequency or urgency, or if there are concerns about bladder overactivity. However, restricting fluid intake is not typically advised as a method for regaining control of the urinary sphincter after bladder surgery. In fact, adequate hydration is generally important for overall health and urinary function. Limiting fluid intake may lead to dehydration and other health complications.

D. Perform Kegel exercises daily:

Kegel exercises are specifically designed to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, including those that control the urinary sphincter. By regularly performing Kegel exercises, individuals can improve the strength and coordination of these muscles, which may aid in regaining control of the urinary sphincter after bladder surgery or in managing urinary incontinence. Therefore, this action is the most appropriate choice for addressing the issue of urinary sphincter control in the context of bladder surgery.

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A nurse is listening to a client who is a victim of intimate partner violence. The client is describing how events would unfold with the partner. The nurse interprets the client's statements and identifies which action as characteristic of the second phase of the cycle of violence?

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

To assist the woman in regaining control of the urinary sphincter after bladder surgery, the nurse should teach the client to perform which action?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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