A nurse is planning the care for an older adult patient. Which age-related changes in kidney function should the nurse consider when providing care to this patient? (Select all that apply.)
Decreasing ability to concentrate or dilute urine
Decreasing erythropoietin
Sclerosis of renal blood vessels
Thinning of nephron membranes
Decreasing glomerular filtrations
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
A. Decreasing ability to concentrate or dilute urine: Age-related changes in kidney function reduce the ability to regulate urine concentration.
B. Decreasing erythropoietin: Reduced erythropoietin production in older adults can lead to anemia.
C. Sclerosis of renal blood vessels: Age-related vascular changes reduce kidney perfusion and function.
D. Thinning of nephron membranes: This is not a typical age-related change; nephron membranes generally remain structurally intact.
E. Decreasing glomerular filtration: The decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with age impacts drug clearance and overall kidney function.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Multiple life changes and hormone deficiencies: These factors may contribute to psychological stress but do not directly increase the risk of physical injury.
B. Bone demineralization and peripheral neuropathy: Chronic renal failure often leads to bone demineralization (secondary to disrupted calcium-phosphorus metabolism) and peripheral neuropathy (due to uremic toxins), both of which increase injury risk.
C. Impaired immune response and malnutrition: These are common in chronic renal failure but are more related to infection risk than injury.
D. Fatigue and drug side effects: While fatigue and medication effects can contribute to falls, the primary causes are bone and nerve damage.
Correct Answer is ["7.5"]
Explanation
Order: 750 mg PO
Available: 0.5 g/5 mL
Convert 0.5 g to mg:
0.5g=500 mg
To calculate the volume:
Volumetoadminister= (Ordered dose /Available concentration)× Volumeperavailabledose
= (750mg /500 mg) × 5ml
= 7.5 ml
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