A nurse is planning the care for an older adult patient. Which age-related changes in kidney function should the nurse consider when providing care to this patient? (Select all that apply.)
Decreasing ability to concentrate or dilute urine
Decreasing erythropoietin
Sclerosis of renal blood vessels
Thinning of nephron membranes
Decreasing glomerular filtrations
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
A. Decreasing ability to concentrate or dilute urine: Age-related changes in kidney function reduce the ability to regulate urine concentration.
B. Decreasing erythropoietin: Reduced erythropoietin production in older adults can lead to anemia.
C. Sclerosis of renal blood vessels: Age-related vascular changes reduce kidney perfusion and function.
D. Thinning of nephron membranes: This is not a typical age-related change; nephron membranes generally remain structurally intact.
E. Decreasing glomerular filtration: The decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with age impacts drug clearance and overall kidney function.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Leaving the nephrostomy site open to air: The nephrostomy site should be covered with a sterile dressing to prevent infection.
B. Instilling no more than 50 mL of sterile water if sterile irrigations are ordered: Irrigation should be done with care, and no more than 5-10 mL of sterile solution is typically instilled to avoid kidney damage.
C. Clamping every 2 hours to allow expansion of the kidney pelvis: Clamping the nephrostomy tube is contraindicated as it can lead to increased pressure in the kidney, worsening the obstruction and potentially causing damage.
D. Being certain the tube is connected, not kinked, or not clamped to ensure that it continually drains: Ensuring the tube remains patent and continuously drains is essential to avoid complications such as hydronephrosis or infection.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Childhood disease of mumps: Mumps does not typically result in glomerulonephritis.
B. Frequent cystitis: Cystitis affects the bladder and does not lead to glomerulonephritis.
C. Recent wound infection: While infections can cause systemic inflammation, glomerulonephritis is commonly linked to streptococcal infections.
D. Streptococcal infection: Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is an immune response following a group A streptococcal infection.
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