A nurse is preparing to administer valproate 750 mg PO to an adult client who has bipolar disorder. The client refuses to swallow capsules but consents to swallow an oral solution of the medication. Available is valproate oral solution 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL of valproate should the nurse plan to administer? (Round to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

A. Stiffness in the lower extremities can occur due to lack of movement and muscle disuse. Prolonged immobility leads to muscle atrophy and contractures, causing stiffness and reduced range of motion. This is a common complication seen in clients who are bedridden or have limited mobility.
B. A reddened area over the sacrum indicates a potential pressure injury or pressure ulcer. Immobility increases the risk of pressure ulcers due to prolonged pressure on bony prominences, such as the sacrum. Regular repositioning and pressure relief strategies are essential to prevent skin breakdown in immobile clients.
C. Difficulty hearing certain types of sounds is not typically associated with immobility. It may be related to age-related changes in hearing or other auditory issues but is not a direct complication of immobility.
D. Difficulty moving the upper extremities can occur due to muscle weakness or disuse atrophy, which can result from immobility. However, it is less common compared to stiffness and difficulty in the lower extremities because upper extremities are often more frequently moved or exercised even in bedridden clients.

A. This response may come across as judgmental or directive, which can be perceived as dismissive of the client's struggle. It does not acknowledge the complexity of the disorder or the client's feelings of helplessness, potentially hindering open communication and trust.
B. While this question encourages exploration of the underlying reasons for the behavior, it might feel probing or intrusive to the client. It could be interpreted as focusing solely on the behavior itself rather than acknowledging the client's recognition of its abnormality or their feelings of helplessness.
C. This response acknowledges and validates the client's awareness of the problem, which can be empowering. It reinforces the client's self-awareness and readiness to address their behavior, promoting a therapeutic alliance based on mutual understanding and respect.
D. This response demonstrates empathy and understanding of the client's feelings. It acknowledges the emotional struggle the client is experiencing and opens the door for further exploration of their feelings and thoughts. It encourages the client to express their emotions and concerns, which is essential in building a supportive therapeutic relationship.