A nurse is preparing to teach about communicable diseases. During which of the following stages is the period in which a disease is contagious?

Choice A reason: Malaria is common globally, but dengue leads in U.S. travel cases. This errors per epidemiology data. It’s universally distinct, less frequent here.

Choice B reason: Yellow fever is rare in U.S. travel; dengue prevails. This misaligns with public health standards. It’s universally distinct, not top vector.

Choice C reason: Dengue is the most common travel-introduced vector disease in U.S. This fits epidemiology standards. It’s universally recognized, distinctly accurate.

Choice D reason: Onchocerciasis is rare in U.S.; dengue dominates travel vectors. This errors per nursing knowledge. It’s universally distinct, less relevant.

Choice A reason: A tetanus booster every 10 years stimulates immunity before infection occurs, a hallmark of primary prevention. It targets Clostridium tetani, preventing toxin production that causes muscle spasms, leveraging the immune system’s memory cells to neutralize the bacteria preemptively, reducing disease incidence effectively.

Choice B reason: Tetanus immunoglobulin provides immediate antibodies post-exposure, a passive immunity approach, not primary prevention. It neutralizes existing toxins from Clostridium tetani after a nail puncture, acting as a secondary measure to halt disease progression rather than preventing infection onset proactively.

Choice C reason: Screening for tetanus infection involves testing for Clostridium tetani presence or symptoms, a secondary prevention tactic. It identifies disease early for treatment, not prevention, focusing on detecting toxin-producing bacteria after exposure rather than building immunity to stop infection initially.

Choice D reason: Administering antibiotics and seizure precautions treats active tetanus, a tertiary prevention strategy. It addresses Clostridium tetani infection and toxin effects like lockjaw after onset, aiming to reduce complications and severity, not to prevent the disease from occurring initially.