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Which formula should be used to calculate an incidence rate?

A.

Number of true negatives/number of true negatives + number of false positives.

B.

Number of new cases in a period of time/the total population x base multiple of 10.

C.

Number of true positives/number of true positives + number of false negatives.

D.

Number of new cases+ number old cases in a period of time/the total population x base multiple of 10.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Number of true negatives / (true negatives + false positives): This formula is used to calculate specificity, not incidence.

B. Number of new cases in a period of time / total population × base multiple of 10: Incidence rate measures the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a population during a specific period. It is expressed per a base population size (e.g., per 1,000 or 100,000 people) to allow for comparisons across different populations.

C. Number of true positives / (true positives + false negatives): This formula is used to calculate sensitivity, not incidence.

D. Number of new cases + number of old cases in a period of time / total population × base multiple of 10: This describes prevalence, which includes both new and existing cases, not incidence.


 


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Elevated growths with a "cauliflower" appearance: HPV lesions, or genital warts, present as raised, rough-textured growths resembling a cauliflower, often found in the genital and anal areas.

B. Thin-walled pustules that rupture to form honey-colored crusts: This describes impetigo, a bacterial skin infection, not HPV.

C. Vesicles that ulcerate and crust within 1 to 4 days: This describes herpes simplex virus (HSV) lesions, which differ from HPV warts in appearance and progression.

D. Solitary growth with elevated borders and a central depression: This describes basal cell carcinoma, not HPV-related lesions.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Chronic diseases (heart disease, cancer, stroke): Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and stroke, are the leading causes of death globally. These diseases account for over 70% of deaths worldwide.

B. Terrorism: While terrorism causes loss of life, it does not account for nearly as many deaths as chronic diseases.

C. Infectious diseases: Infectious diseases remain a major concern, especially in developing nations, but chronic diseases surpass them as the leading cause of death.

D. Injuries (accidental or purposeful): Injuries contribute to mortality but are not the leading cause of death worldwide.


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