Which formula should be used to calculate an incidence rate?

A. The incidence of asthma among children has been decreasing: The incidence of childhood asthma has been increasing due to rising air pollution, allergens, and environmental triggers.

B. Children are more susceptible to environmental toxins because of their smaller size: Due to their lower body weight, developing organs, and higher metabolic rate, children absorb toxins more readily and are more vulnerable to harmful effects.

C. Children are more susceptible to cancer if they have a family history of the disease: While family history plays a role, environmental exposures (e.g., radiation, chemicals) also contribute significantly to childhood cancer risk.

D. The prevalence of autism is directly related to the increase in environmental toxins: While research is ongoing, no definitive causal link has been established between environmental toxins and autism. Autism is influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

A. Appreciate that the family has made the decision that it feels is best and take no further action if it is clear the family has made an informed choice: Respecting autonomy is a key ethical principle in nursing. If the family has made an informed decision without coercion, the nurse should respect their choice. Beneficence and nonmaleficence do not override autonomy in this case.

B. Try to convince the agency to give the care for free, even if it means economic stress for the agency, because the medical need is obvious: While advocacy is important, it is unethical to place financial strain on an agency without proper policy in place. This option disregards justice (fair distribution of resources).

C. Stress that each individual in society has a right to healthcare and the family will have to create some way to raise funds for the needed treatment: While healthcare access is a concern, pressuring the family to raise funds imposes unrealistic expectations and does not respect their right to decline care.

D. Talk to the media to see whether a campaign to raise funds for the family can be created: Disclosing a family's personal health information without consent violates confidentiality and privacy rights under ethical and legal guidelines.