A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). Which of the following topics should be prioritized for teaching?

Decreasing smoking

Increasing fluid intake

Increasing daily exercise

Decreasing intake of red meat

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Decreasing smoking: While smoking cessation is important for general health, it is not directly related to the prevention or management of HHS. Addressing dehydration and glucose control takes precedence in the acute management and prevention of recurrence.
B. Increasing fluid intake: Adequate hydration is the most critical aspect of preventing HHS, as dehydration is a key precipitating factor. Clients with HHS experience significant fluid loss, and increasing fluid intake helps maintain circulatory volume and reduce blood glucose concentration.
C. Increasing daily exercise: Although regular exercise helps with long-term diabetes control, it must be approached cautiously in clients recovering from HHS. Excessive or poorly timed physical activity could exacerbate glucose fluctuations if not coordinated with meals and insulin.
D. Decreasing intake of red meat: Diet modifications may help in overall health, but red meat intake is not directly linked to HHS prevention. The immediate concern is managing hydration and glucose levels to prevent another crisis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Systemic lupus erythematosus: The butterfly-shaped rash, along with symptoms like fatigue, hair loss, and memory issues, is characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease. The rash typically appears across the cheeks and nose and is a hallmark sign of SLE, often triggered by sunlight exposure.
B. Acute HIV: Acute HIV infection may cause symptoms like fatigue, but it typically does not present with the specific butterfly-shaped rash seen in SLE. The rash associated with HIV is generally more generalized and not localized like the characteristic lupus rash.
C. Chronic HIV: Chronic HIV can present with fatigue and other symptoms, but it does not cause the butterfly-shaped rash seen in lupus. HIV-related rashes are more often generalized or occur due to secondary infections, not the distinct butterfly pattern seen in lupus.
D. Discoid lupus erythematosus: Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) can cause skin lesions, including facial rashes, but it does not present with the same systemic symptoms (like fatigue, hair loss, and memory issues) as systemic lupus erythematosus. DLE affects only the skin, whereas SLE affects multiple organs.

A. "Clients with hypoglycemia cannot participate in religious/cultural fasting." B. “Keeping supplies on hand to treat hypoglycemic episodes is important." C. "Clients will usually have obvious manifestations of hypoglycemia." D. "Increasing exercise can help with hypoglycemia.”

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "Clients with hypoglycemia cannot participate in religious/cultural fasting.": While fasting can increase the risk of hypoglycemia in clients with type 1 diabetes, it is not absolutely prohibited. With close monitoring and adjustments to insulin and diet, some clients may safely observe fasting.
B. “Keeping supplies on hand to treat hypoglycemic episodes is important.": This is appropriate advice, as clients with type 1 diabetes are at risk for sudden drops in blood glucose. Readily available glucose tablets, juice, or snacks can help promptly correct hypoglycemia.
C. "Clients will usually have obvious manifestations of hypoglycemia.": Some individuals, especially those with long-standing diabetes, may experience hypoglycemia unawareness. They may not have typical warning signs, making early detection more difficult.
D. "Increasing exercise can help with hypoglycemia.”: Exercise generally lowers blood glucose levels and can actually trigger hypoglycemia if not planned with appropriate insulin or carbohydrate adjustments. It does not help treat or prevent hypoglycemia on its own.

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A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). Which of the following topics should be prioritized for teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is completing an assessment on a client who reports severe fatigue, hair loss, and trouble remembering things. The nurse notes a butterfly-shaped rash on the client's face. Which of the following conditions is the client likely experiencing?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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