A nurse is providing education to a client who has been diagnosed with renal calculus. The client asks, "What causes kidney stones?" What is the nurse's best response?

"Kidney stones are caused by excessive consumption of fruits and vegetables."

"Kidney stones are primarily caused by genetic factors and family history."

"Kidney stones are the result of an overactive bladder and frequent urination."

"Kidney stones are formed due to the presence of minerals and salts in the urine."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Excessive consumption of fruits and vegetables is not a primary cause of kidney stones. Some specific types of fruits and vegetables may contribute to stone formation, but it is not a general cause.

B. While genetic factors and family history can play a role in kidney stone formation, they are not the primary cause. The presence of minerals and salts in the urine is the main contributing factor.

C. An overactive bladder and frequent urination are not direct causes of kidney stone formation. They may be related to other urinary conditions but not to the formation of kidney stones.

D. This is the correct answer. Kidney stones are formed when certain minerals and salts in the urine form solid crystals that can clump together and grow into stones.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Allopurinol does not directly increase urine output. It is not a diuretic and is not used for that purpose.

B. Allopurinol does not dissolve existing kidney stones. It is primarily used to prevent the formation of uric acid stones, not to treat existing stones.

C. This is the correct answer. Allopurinol is a medication used to reduce the production of uric acid in the body. By lowering uric acid levels, it can help prevent the formation of uric acid stones.

D. Allopurinol does not increase the excretion of calcium. It is used specifically to address uric acid levels and prevent uric acid stone formation.

A. "This medication will help dissolve my existing kidney stones." B. "Potassium citrate will reduce the acidity of my urine." C. "I will take this medication to increase my calcium levels." D. "This medication will help decrease my urine output."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. This statement is not correct. Potassium citrate does not dissolve existing kidney stones. It is used to prevent the formation of certain types of stones, particularly calcium oxalate stones.

B. This is the correct answer. Potassium citrate is an alkalizing agent that helps reduce the acidity of urine. By making the urine less acidic, it can help prevent the formation of certain types of stones, such as uric acid stones.

C. Potassium citrate does not increase calcium levels in the body. It may help prevent the formation of calcium oxalate stones, but it does not affect overall calcium levels.

D. Potassium citrate does not decrease urine output. It primarily works to reduce urine acidity and prevent stone formation.

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A nurse is providing education to a client who has been diagnosed with renal calculus. The client asks, "What causes kidney stones?" What is the nurse's best response?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with a history of kidney stones is prescribed allopurinol. The nurse should recognize that this medication is primarily used to:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with a history of kidney stones is prescribed potassium citrate. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the medication's purpose?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with a history of kidney stones is prescribed a thiazide diuretic. The nurse should monitor the client's laboratory values for which electrolyte imbalance?

A client with a history of renal calculus is prescribed potassium citrate. Which of the following is the primary purpose of this medication?

A client comes to the emergency room complaining of sudden, excruciating pain in the lower back and side. The nurse suspects renal calculus. Which term best describes this type of pain?

A client with a small renal calculus is advised by the nurse to increase fluid intake. The client asks, "Why is this important?" Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

A nurse is providing education to a client who has been diagnosed with renal calculus. Which lifestyle factor is the nurse most likely to address to reduce the risk of kidney stones?

A nurse is assessing a client with suspected renal calculus. Which of the following symptoms is most indicative of kidney stone pain?

A nurse is teaching a client about dietary modifications to prevent the recurrence of calcium oxalate stones. Which instruction should the nurse include?

A nurse is caring for a client who had a kidney stone removed through ureteroscopy. The nurse should closely monitor the client for which potential complication?