A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has DKA. The client's ABG results are pH 7.30, PaCO2 34 mm Hg and HCO3 21 mEq/L. The nurse should identify that these values indicate which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Respiratory alkalosis: This condition is characterized by low levels of carbon dioxide
(PaCO2) in the blood and an elevated pH. The ABG results in DKA show a low pH, ruling out respiratory alkalosis.
B.   Metabolic alkalosis: Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by high bicarbonate (HCO3) levels and an elevated pH. The ABG results in DKA show low bicarbonate levels, ruling out metabolic alkalosis.
C.   Metabolic acidosis: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by low pH and low bicarbonate (HCO3) levels. The ABG results in DKA demonstrate both low pH and low bicarbonate levels, consistent with metabolic acidosis.
D.   Respiratory acidosis: Respiratory acidosis is characterized by high carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels and low pH. The ABG results in DKA show a normal or slightly decreased PaCO2, ruling out respiratory acidosis.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. 2+ deep tendon reflexes are within the expected range and are not typically concerning in a client receiving magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia.
B. Facial flushing can occur as a side effect of magnesium sulfate but is not typically a cause for immediate concern unless it is severe or accompanied by other symptoms.
C. A respiratory rate of 13/min is within the expected range and is not typically a concerning finding in a client receiving magnesium sulfate.
D. Urine output of 20 mL/hr is significantly decreased and may indicate reduced renal perfusion, which can be a serious complication of preeclampsia. Therefore, it should be reported to the provider for further evaluation and management.

A. Restrict the client's fluid intake. B. Keep suction equipment at the client's bedside. C. Instruct the client to look down when ambulating. D. Position the client supine after eating.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Restricting the client's fluid intake is not appropriate for Parkinson's disease management.

Adequate hydration is important to prevent complications such as constipation and urinary tract infections.
B. Keeping suction equipment at the client's bedside is important because Parkinson's disease can affect swallowing and increase the risk of aspiration. Having suction equipment readily available can help manage secretions and prevent aspiration pneumonia.

C. Instructing the client to look down when ambulating is not specifically related to Parkinson's disease management. Instead, clients with Parkinson's disease may benefit from visual cues and strategies to improve balance and mobility.
D. Positioning the client supine after eating is not recommended, as it may increase the risk of aspiration. Clients with Parkinson's disease may benefit from remaining upright after meals to facilitate digestion and reduce the risk of aspiration.

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has DKA. The client's ABG results are pH 7.30, PaCO2 34 mm Hg and HCO3 21 mEq/L. The nurse should identify that these values indicate which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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