A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has DKA. The client's ABG results are pH 7.30, PaCO2 34 mm Hg and HCO3 21 mEq/L. The nurse should identify that these values indicate which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
The Correct Answer is C
A. Respiratory alkalosis: This condition is characterized by low levels of carbon dioxide
(PaCO2) in the blood and an elevated pH. The ABG results in DKA show a low pH, ruling out respiratory alkalosis.
B. Metabolic alkalosis: Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by high bicarbonate (HCO3) levels and an elevated pH. The ABG results in DKA show low bicarbonate levels, ruling out metabolic alkalosis.
C. Metabolic acidosis: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by low pH and low bicarbonate (HCO3) levels. The ABG results in DKA demonstrate both low pH and low bicarbonate levels, consistent with metabolic acidosis.
D. Respiratory acidosis: Respiratory acidosis is characterized by high carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels and low pH. The ABG results in DKA show a normal or slightly decreased PaCO2, ruling out respiratory acidosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Instructing the client to report the theft to the police might be appropriate in cases of theft, but the nurse's primary responsibility is to ensure the safety and well-being of the client. Reporting
to the authorities can be pursued after ensuring the client's immediate safety.
B. Reporting the possible abuse to adult protective services is the appropriate action when financial exploitation or abuse is suspected. Adult protective services can investigate the situation and provide support and resources to ensure the client's safety.
C. Asking the client if there is another family member they can call for financial help is a valid consideration, but it does not address the potential abuse or exploitation of the client's finances.
D. Restricting visitation for the client's family until discharge is not appropriate without further assessment and intervention. It may also isolate the client from potential sources of support and assistance.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Correct. Ampicillin is a penicillin antibiotic and is contraindicated in clients who are allergic to penicillin.
B. Incorrect. Erythromycin is not a penicillin antibiotic and can be an alternative for clients allergic to penicillin.
C. Incorrect. Cefazolin is a cephalosporin antibiotic and is not related to penicillin. It can be used as an alternative in clients allergic to penicillin.
D. Incorrect. Clindamycin is not related to penicillin and can be used as an alternative in clients allergic to penicillin.
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