A nurse is starting an IV on a patient. The nurse removes the needle and does not occlude the vein. The blood comes in contact with the nurse’s skin. What level of the epidemiological triangle does the blood represent?
Vector
Agent
Environment
Host
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Vectors, like mosquitoes, biologically transmit pathogens, as in malaria. Blood here isn’t a living carrier but a medium containing potential agents, like hepatitis viruses, making it distinct from the active, intermediary role vectors play in disease spread epidemiologically and consistently.
Choice B reason: The agent in the epidemiological triangle is the pathogen causing disease, like viruses in blood. Here, blood contacting skin carries potential infectious agents, such as HIV, directly linking it to the causative factor in this exposure scenario biologically and accurately.
Choice C reason: Environment includes external factors, like contaminated surfaces, facilitating transmission. Blood is the direct pathogen source, not a setting or condition, distinguishing it as the agent itself rather than the broader context of exposure in this epidemiological model clearly.
Choice D reason: The host is the affected organism, here the nurse or patient, not the blood. Blood carries the agent, like bacteria, targeting the host’s susceptibility, separating it from the recipient role hosts play in disease dynamics distinctly and fundamentally here.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Mandatory school vaccination laws drastically cut disease rates. This fits public health history. It’s universally recognized, distinctly effective policy.
Choice B reason: Answering questions helps, but laws enforce vaccination broadly. This errors in impact scope. It’s universally distinct, less instrumental.
Choice C reason: Small fees aid access; mandatory laws ensure compliance. This misaligns with historical success. It’s universally distinct, not primary.
Choice D reason: Provider education supports; legislation drives widespread immunization. This errors per public health impact. It’s universally distinct, secondary.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Thin-walled pustules with honey-colored crusts indicate impetigo, bacterial from Staphylococcus, not HPV. These rupture and crust due to pus, unlike HPV’s viral, proliferativewarts, which lack this infectious discharge, distinguishing them clinically and pathologically in skin lesion presentation entirely here.
Choice B reason: Vesicles ulcerating in 1-4 days fit herpes simplex, not HPV. Herpes causes rapid blistering and crusting from viral cell damage, contrasting HPV’s slower, cauliflower-like growth from epidermal hyperplasia, separating their lesion progression and appearance biologically and distinctly overall.
Choice C reason: HPV lesions, like genitalwarts from types 6 and 11, show cauliflower-like, elevated growths. This viral-induced keratinocyte proliferation creates rough, clustered warts, a unique hallmark distinguishing them from other infections’ ulcerative or pustular patterns clinically and pathologically here comprehensively.
Choice D reason: Solitary growths with elevated borders and central depression suggest basal cell carcinoma, not HPV. This cancerous lesion from UV damage differs from HPV’s viral, multi-clusteredwarts, lacking malignancy or central depression, separating them in appearance and etiology entirely and clearly.
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