A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus about chronic complications associated with the disease. Which information should be included in the teaching?

Ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent kidney damage

Schedule and keep appointments for annual eye exams

Podiatry exams are necessary every 3 months

Excessive exercise increases insulin resistances

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C

A.   While maintaining adequate hydration is important for overall health and can help the kidneys function properly, this statement alone does not capture the full scope of kidney-related issues associated with diabetes, such as diabetic nephropathy. It’s important to emphasize regular monitoring of kidney function through lab tests (e.g., microalbuminuria) as part of diabetes management.
B.   People with diabetes are at increased risk for eye complications such as diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma. Regular eye exams are essential for early detection and management of these conditions, making this information critical for a client with diabetes.
C.   Many sources recommend at least annual foot exams, but those with neuropathy or previous foot problems may need more frequent evaluations (every 3 to 6 months). This statement is generally accurate but should be tailored to the individual's risk factors.
D.   Regular physical activity is generally recommended for individuals with diabetes as it improves insulin sensitivity, helping to manage blood glucose levels. While extreme exercise without proper management can lead to complications, stating that excessive exercise increases insulin resistance is misleading. The key is to balance exercise with proper nutrition and medication.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While the ease of fitting a prosthesis is a consideration, it is not the main factor. The level of amputation is primarily determined by medical considerations, particularly related to health and healing.
B. This is the primary determinant for the level of amputation. Surgeons aim to preserve as much limb length as possible while ensuring that the remaining tissue has adequate blood supply for healing.

Insufficient blood supply can lead to complications, including poor healing and infection, making this a critical factor in deciding the amputation level.
C. This option suggests a more aggressive approach than necessary. The goal is to remove only as much of the limb as required to address the medical issue (e.g., disease, trauma) while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible for optimal healing and function.
D. While a client’s functional ability with a prosthesis is an important consideration in rehabilitation planning, it is not the main factor in deciding the surgical level of amputation. The decision about how much limb to remove is made based on medical criteria, particularly healing potential.

A. makes the blood less thick and easier to flow." B. does not thin the blood: it prevents new clots from forming." C. decreases the number of platelets so the blood clots more slowly." D. dissolves the clot and decreases the formation of platelets."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Heparin does not actually "thin" the blood in the sense of reducing viscosity. Instead, it works by inhibiting certain factors in the coagulation cascade, preventing clot formation. Thus, this response does not accurately describe how heparin functions.

B. Heparin works by activating antithrombin III, which inhibits thrombin and factor Xa, thereby preventing the formation of new clots. It does not dissolve existing clots but helps to prevent the enlargement of existing ones and the formation of new clots.
C. Heparin does not decrease the number of platelets; rather, it interferes with the clotting process by inhibiting specific clotting factors. Platelets may still be present, but their ability to form clots is inhibited by the action of heparin.
D. Heparin does not dissolve existing clots; that function is typically performed by thrombolytic agents. Heparin primarily prevents new clot formation and the extension of existing clots. Additionally, it does not decrease platelet formation.

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A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus about chronic complications associated with the disease. Which information should be included in the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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