A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus about chronic complications associated with the disease. Which information should be included in the teaching?

Ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent kidney damage

Schedule and keep appointments for annual eye exams

Podiatry exams are necessary every 3 months

Excessive exercise increases insulin resistances

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C

A.   While maintaining adequate hydration is important for overall health and can help the kidneys function properly, this statement alone does not capture the full scope of kidney-related issues associated with diabetes, such as diabetic nephropathy. It’s important to emphasize regular monitoring of kidney function through lab tests (e.g., microalbuminuria) as part of diabetes management.
B.   People with diabetes are at increased risk for eye complications such as diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma. Regular eye exams are essential for early detection and management of these conditions, making this information critical for a client with diabetes.
C.   Many sources recommend at least annual foot exams, but those with neuropathy or previous foot problems may need more frequent evaluations (every 3 to 6 months). This statement is generally accurate but should be tailored to the individual's risk factors.
D.   Regular physical activity is generally recommended for individuals with diabetes as it improves insulin sensitivity, helping to manage blood glucose levels. While extreme exercise without proper management can lead to complications, stating that excessive exercise increases insulin resistance is misleading. The key is to balance exercise with proper nutrition and medication.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While monitoring is important, doing nothing to address the hypoglycemia is not safe. A blood glucose level of 50 mg/dL is low and requires immediate intervention to prevent more severe hypoglycemic symptoms or complications.
B. This is a suitable option for treating mild to moderate hypoglycemia. Orange juice is a quick source of carbohydrates and can effectively raise blood glucose levels. Four ounces typically provides enough sugar to help increase the client's blood glucose level before dinner is served.
C. While this option would also effectively raise blood glucose, it is more complicated than simply having the client drink orange juice. The sugar may take additional time to dissolve, and grape juice may not be readily available. In an acute situation, simplicity and speed are key.
D. While hard candy can raise blood glucose levels, it may take longer to dissolve and provide sufficient glucose quickly compared to liquid sources like orange juice or grape juice. Additionally, the amount of candy needed may not be clear, making this a less reliable option in an urgent situation.

A. Supine with the right leg extended and flat B. High-Fowler's with the right leg extended C. Semi-Fowler's with the right leg on two pillows D. Supine with the right leg flexed at a 45-degree angle

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This position can increase pressure on the surgical site and hinder blood flow.
B. This position can also increase pressure on the surgical site and may be uncomfortable for the client.
C. This position promotes venous return, reduces swelling, and minimizes pressure on the surgical site.
D. This position can increase pressure on the surgical site and may hinder blood flow.

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A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus about chronic complications associated with the disease. Which information should be included in the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

At 1630 a Type I diabetic client's blood glucose level is 50 mg/dl. The client is alert; however, dinner will not be served until 1715. The nurse's initial action should be to:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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