A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus about chronic complications associated with the disease. Which information should be included in the teaching?

Ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent kidney damage

Schedule and keep appointments for annual eye exams

Podiatry exams are necessary every 3 months

Excessive exercise increases insulin resistances

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C

A.   While maintaining adequate hydration is important for overall health and can help the kidneys function properly, this statement alone does not capture the full scope of kidney-related issues associated with diabetes, such as diabetic nephropathy. It’s important to emphasize regular monitoring of kidney function through lab tests (e.g., microalbuminuria) as part of diabetes management.
B.   People with diabetes are at increased risk for eye complications such as diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma. Regular eye exams are essential for early detection and management of these conditions, making this information critical for a client with diabetes.
C.   Many sources recommend at least annual foot exams, but those with neuropathy or previous foot problems may need more frequent evaluations (every 3 to 6 months). This statement is generally accurate but should be tailored to the individual's risk factors.
D.   Regular physical activity is generally recommended for individuals with diabetes as it improves insulin sensitivity, helping to manage blood glucose levels. While extreme exercise without proper management can lead to complications, stating that excessive exercise increases insulin resistance is misleading. The key is to balance exercise with proper nutrition and medication.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This position can increase pressure on the surgical site and hinder blood flow.
B. This position can also increase pressure on the surgical site and may be uncomfortable for the client.
C. This position promotes venous return, reduces swelling, and minimizes pressure on the surgical site.
D. This position can increase pressure on the surgical site and may hinder blood flow.

A. access to fresh fruits and vegetables B. living in a disadvantaged community C. having adequate health insurance D. viral infection E. autoimmune disorder

Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

A. Limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables can contribute to poor dietary habits, which are linked to obesity and diabetes. Communities with food deserts often have higher rates of diabetes due to reduced access to nutritious food, leading to diets high in processed and unhealthy foods.
B. Living in disadvantaged communities is associated with increased diabetes prevalence and complications. Factors such as lower socioeconomic status, limited access to healthcare, poor health education, and environmental stressors can exacerbate health issues, including diabetes.
C. Having adequate health insurance is generally correlated with better health outcomes, including access to preventive care, regular monitoring, and treatment for diabetes. It does not contribute to increased prevalence or complications; rather, it mitigates them.

D. While certain viral infections have been studied for their potential role in triggering autoimmune diabetes (such as Type 1 diabetes), viral infections themselves are not a social inequity and do not directly correlate with increased diabetes prevalence in the same way that socioeconomic factors do.
E. Autoimmune disorders can be associated with Type 1 diabetes and some cases of Type 2 diabetes; however, this option does not reflect a social inequity. Instead, autoimmune disorders are more related to individual health conditions and genetics.

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A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus about chronic complications associated with the disease. Which information should be included in the teaching?

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The client has just returned to the surgical unit following femoral-popliteal bypass surgery of the right leg. The nurse should place the client in which position?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is aware that which of the following social inequities are correlated with increased diabetes prevalence & more severe complications of diabetes? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

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