A nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed client about B-thalassemla major (Cooley anemla). What response by the client indicates correct understanding of Chelation therapy?

Manages nausea and vomiting

Eliminates excess iron

Decreases the risk of hypoxia

Treats the disease

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Chelation therapy does not stimulate hemoglobin production; it primarily targets iron overload, which can occur due to repeated transfusions.
B.   Chelation therapy helps remove excess iron from the body, which accumulates due to frequent blood transfusions required in children with thalassemia.
C.   Chelation therapy does not stimulate RBC production. It addresses the issue of iron overload.
D.   Chelation therapy does not prevent infections. It is specifically used to treat iron overload in thalassemia patients.

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Correct Answer is []

Explanation

Absence Seizures:

The infant’s clinical presentation, including shaking of the arms and legs, lack of response to touch or voice, and the brief episodes of unconsciousness (lasting around 5 minutes), is consistent with absence seizures (also known as petit mal seizures). These seizures typically involve brief episodes of altered consciousness with subtle motor activity like shaking or jerking, and the child resumes normal activity afterward. The child’s seizure episodes seem to stop on their own, and the child appears to sleep soundly after the episodes, which further points to absence seizures.

Actions to Take:

Initiate seizure precautions:

Seizure precautions are essential to ensure the infant’s safety during and after a seizure episode. This includes making sure the environment is free from hazards and that the infant is being closely monitored.

Keep infant NPO until they are fully awake and alert:

Keeping the infant NPO (nothing by mouth) is essential to prevent aspiration risk during and after the seizure. Once the infant is fully awake and alert, they can resume normal feeding.

Parameters to Monitor:

Level of consciousness:

Monitoring the infant’s level of consciousness is crucial because the primary concern during absence seizures is the alteration of consciousness. After the seizure, assessing their responsiveness and mental state will help evaluate the resolution of the episode.

Motor ability:

The motor ability should be monitored to check for any residual effects from the seizure, such as weakness or abnormal movements, and to assess for any motor symptoms during the seizure.

Explanation of Incorrect Choices:

Akinetic seizures:

Akinetic seizures involve loss of muscle tone and are often associated with sudden collapse or "drop attacks." This is not consistent with the infant’s symptoms, which include shaking rather than sudden loss of muscle tone.

Tonic-clonic seizures:

Tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal seizures) typically involve both tonic (muscle stiffening) and clonic (jerking) movements with a loss of consciousness. While the infant is having shaking episodes, the description does not indicate the full tonic-clonic presentation.

Focal seizures with impaired awareness:

Focal seizures typically involve abnormal activity in one part of the brain and often manifest with

symptoms localized to one area of the body. This infant’s symptoms are more generalized, with shaking

in the arms and legs, and a lack of response, which aligns better with absence seizures.

A. Increased somnolence B. Increased heart rate C. Depressed fontanels D. Brisk pupillary reaction to light.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Increased somnolence or lethargy is a common sign of increased intracranial pressure in infants.
B. Increased heart rate may initially occur but can later slow down as intracranial pressure rises, leading to bradycardia.
C. Depressed fontanels are indicative of dehydration, not increased intracranial pressure. Bulging fontanels are more indicative of increased intracranial pressure.
D. Brisk pupillary reaction to light is normal; a sluggish or absent reaction could indicate increased intracranial pressure.

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A nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed client about B-thalassemla major (Cooley anemla). What response by the client indicates correct understanding of Chelation therapy?

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Correct Answer is []

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Correct Answer is A

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