A nurse is using the World Health Organization definition of health to provide care. Which area will the nurse focus on while providing care?

A) Socioeconomic factors:
Socioeconomic factors, such as income, education, and employment status, are considered external variables that influence a patient's health. These factors impact access to resources and healthcare, but they are not internal variables. Internal factors relate to personal perceptions, behaviors, and beliefs that the patient has regarding their health.

B) Family practices:
Family practices also fall under external variables. These include the health behaviors, habits, and routines practiced by the family, which can influence a patient’s health but are not internal to the individual. The nurse should assess how family practices affect health but not as internal variables.

C) Cultural background:
Cultural background is another external variable that can influence health practices, beliefs, and behaviors. It shapes how patients perceive illness, health care, and healing. While important to assess for understanding a patient's worldview, it does not fall under the category of internal variables.

D) Perception of functioning:
Perception of functioning is an internal variable because it reflects how the patient views their own health status and capabilities. This includes their sense of well-being, physical limitations, and emotional health. A patient’s perception of their functioning can directly impact their decision-making and actions related to their health, and it is essential for the nurse to assess this to guide care effectively.

A) Quadriceps set exercises and contraction of the gluteal muscles: These exercises are examples of isometric exercises, not isotonic exercises. Isometric exercises involve muscle contraction without movement of the body part, helping to maintain muscle strength and endurance.

B) Swimming, jogging, and bicycling: These are examples of isotonic exercises, where the muscles contract and change length, leading to movement of body parts. Isotonic exercises improve muscle strength, endurance, and cardiovascular fitness. These activities involve repetitive movements that help in improving overall muscle tone and joint flexibility.

C) Tightening or tensing of muscles without moving body parts: This describes isometric exercises, not isotonic. Isometric exercises involve static muscle contraction, such as holding a position, without any movement of the joints or limbs. These exercises are effective for strengthening specific muscles.

D) Push-ups, hip lifting, pushing feet against a footboard on the bed: While push-ups and hip lifting are isotonic exercises, pushing feet against a footboard on the bed is an example of an isometric exercise, as it involves muscle contraction without movement of the body part. Therefore, this option contains both isometric and isotonic exercises.