A patient with chronic congestive heart failure has repeated hospitalizations despite ongoing treatment with hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) and digoxin. The prescriber has ordered spironolactone (Aldactone) to be added to this patient’s drug regimen, and the nurse provides education about this medication. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?
“I should use salt substitutes to prevent toxic side effects.”
“I need to stop taking potassium supplements.”
“I should watch closely for overhydration.”
“I can expect improvement within a few hours after taking this drug.”
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Salt substitutes contain potassium, which risks hyperkalemia with spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic. This is dangerous, so it’s incorrect for understanding.
Choice B reason: Spironolactone spares potassium, so stopping supplements prevents hyperkalemia, a serious risk. This shows correct understanding, making it the correct choice.
Choice C reason: Spironolactone reduces fluid, not causes overhydration. Monitoring for dehydration is more relevant, so this is incorrect for the medication’s effects.
Choice D reason: Spironolactone’s effects take days to weeks, not hours. Immediate improvement is unrealistic, so this is incorrect for proper patient understanding.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hydrochlorothiazide is for chronic hypertension, not acute pulmonary edema. Furosemide acts rapidly to relieve fluid overload, so this is incorrect for emergency use.
Choice B reason: Furosemide is the drug of choice for pulmonary edema, rapidly reducing fluid overload and relieving symptoms like frothy sputum. This is the correct choice.
Choice C reason: Mannitol is used for cerebral edema, not pulmonary edema. Furosemide targets acute fluid overload in the lungs, so this is incorrect for this scenario.
Choice D reason: Spironolactone is for chronic heart failure, not acute pulmonary edema. Furosemide’s rapid diuresis is needed, so this is incorrect for immediate treatment.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Trade names are brand-specific (e.g., Tylenol for acetaminophen). N-acetyl-para-aminophenol is the chemical structure name, not a marketed brand. Trade names are proprietary and vary by manufacturer, while chemical names describe molecular composition, making this choice incorrect for the given term.
Choice B reason: Proprietary names are brand names owned by manufacturers (e.g., Advil for ibuprofen). N-acetyl-para-aminophenol is the chemical name for acetaminophen, not a proprietary or trade name, which is used for marketing purposes, making this choice incorrect for the drug’s nomenclature.
Choice C reason: Generic names are non-proprietary, like acetaminophen for N-acetyl-para-aminophenol. The term given is the chemical name, describing the molecular structure, not the standardized generic name used in clinical practice, making this choice incorrect for classifying N-acetyl-para-aminophenol.
Choice D reason: N-acetyl-para-aminophenol is the chemical name for acetaminophen, describing its molecular structure (an acetyl group on a para-aminophenol backbone). Chemical names are used in scientific contexts, distinct from generic or trade names, making this the correct choice for the drug’s nomenclature.
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