A nursing instructor is describing the different categories of antiretroviral agents used in treatment for HIV infection.
The instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which category as affecting an enzyme so that new viral particles cannot mature?
Protease inhibitors.
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Integrase inhibitors.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Protease inhibitors are a category of antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of HIV. They work by affecting an enzyme called protease, which is necessary for the maturation of new viral particles. By inhibiting protease, these drugs prevent the formation of mature, infectious HIV particles.
Choice B rationale:
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, including both nucleoside and non-nucleoside variants, target the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of HIV RNA into DNA, an essential step in the viral life cycle. However, it's not about preventing the maturation of new viral particles, as mentioned in the question.
Choice C rationale:
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) also inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme, but they do so differently than protease inhibitors. While they are vital in HIV treatment, they do not specifically target the maturation of viral particles.
Choice D rationale:
Integrase inhibitors target the enzyme integrase, which is involved in the integration of viral DNA into the host cell's DNA. This step is crucial in the HIV life cycle, but it's not related to the maturation of new viral particles.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Anthelmintic drugs are contraindicated in patients who are pregnant because these drugs can potentially harm the developing fetus. Many anthelmintic drugs have not been studied extensively in pregnant women, and their safety in pregnancy has not been established. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid using anthelmintic drugs in pregnant patients to minimize potential risks to both the mother and the fetus.
Choice B rationale:
Anthelmintic drugs should be used cautiously in patients with myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue. Some anthelmintic drugs may have neuromuscular side effects, which can worsen the symptoms in individuals with myasthenia gravis. Therefore, caution is warranted when considering anthelmintic therapy in these patients.
Choice C rationale:
Clinical depression is not a contraindication for anthelmintic drugs. While some side effects of anthelmintic drugs may include mood changes or psychiatric symptoms, these drugs are primarily used to treat parasitic infections and are not contraindicated in patients with clinical depression. The benefits of treating the parasitic infection may outweigh the potential psychiatric side effects.
Choice D rationale:
Children younger than 15 years are not necessarily contraindicated for anthelmintic drugs. The choice of anthelmintic therapy in pediatric patients should be based on the specific drug, the type of parasitic infection, and the age and weight of the child. Anthelmintic drugs are often used in children to treat parasitic infections, but the choice of drug and the dosing regimen should be carefully selected based on individual patient characteristics.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Drowsiness is not a common adverse reaction to cephalosporin antibiotics. It is more likely to be associated with medications that have sedative effects.
Choice B rationale:
Headache is a possible adverse reaction to cephalosporins, but it is not a common or specific symptom that the patient needs to report. Headaches are a relatively mild and self-limiting side effect.
Choice C rationale:
Constipation is not a typical adverse reaction to cephalosporin therapy. Gastrointestinal side effects associated with these antibiotics are more commonly diarrhea or nausea. Hypertension (Choice D) is a potential adverse reaction to cephalosporin antibiotics, particularly in patients who are sensitive to changes in blood pressure. It's important for the patient to recognize this symptom and report it promptly, as uncontrolled hypertension can lead to serious health problems. .
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