A patient is diagnosed as having elevated cholesterol level.
The nurse is aware that plaque on the inner lumen of arteries begins as what?
Platelets and fibrin.
Fatty streaks.
White blood cells (WBC).
Foam cells.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Plaque formation in arteries does not start with platelets and fibrin.
Choice B rationale
Plaque begins with fatty streaks, which are the earliest signs of atherosclerosis and consist of lipid-laden cells in the arterial wall.
Choice C rationale
White blood cells are involved in the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis but do not represent the initial plaque formation.
Choice D rationale
Foam cells, which are lipid-laden macrophages, develop later in the process of plaque formation and contribute to the growth of atherosclerotic lesions. .
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Beta-adrenergic blockers generally do not decrease urinary output. These drugs primarily act on the cardiovascular system by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, which results in lowered heart rate and blood pressure. Their effects are less pronounced on the renal system unless specific agents with renal effects are used.
Choice B rationale
Beta-adrenergic blockers decrease the strength of heart muscle contraction (negative inotropic effect). By blocking beta receptors, they inhibit the stimulatory effects of catecholamines on the heart, reducing the force of myocardial contraction, which helps decrease oxygen demand and control angina symptoms.
Choice C rationale
Beta-adrenergic blockers typically decrease heart rate (negative chronotropic effect) rather than increase it. They inhibit beta-adrenergic receptors, which leads to a slower heart rate and can help manage conditions like angina by reducing myocardial oxygen consumption.
Choice D rationale
Beta-adrenergic blockers decrease oxygen consumption by reducing heart rate and the force of contraction. These effects lower myocardial oxygen demand, which is beneficial for patients with angina by preventing episodes triggered by increased oxygen needs.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Guaifenesin is an expectorant that increases the output of respiratory tract fluid by reducing the adhesiveness and surface tension of the mucus, facilitating the removal of viscous mucus.
Choice B rationale
Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant that works on the cough center in the brain to reduce the urge to cough. It does not enhance the output of respiratory tract fluid.
Choice C rationale
Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic that breaks down the chemical structure of mucus molecules, making the mucus less viscous, but it does not enhance the output of respiratory tract fluid by reducing adhesiveness.
Choice D rationale
Flunisolide is an inhaled corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation in the airways. It does not enhance the output of respiratory tract fluid.
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