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Which IV fluid is most appropriate for a patient experiencing severe dehydration?

A.

0.45% NaCl

B.

3% NaCl

C.

Lactated Ringer's

D.

D5W

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

(A) 0.45% NaCl (Hypotonic Fluid): Used for mild dehydration but can cause fluid shifts leading to cerebral edema.

(B) 3% NaCl (Hypertonic Fluid): Used for severe hyponatremia, not dehydration.

(C) Lactated Ringer’s (LR): This isotonic fluid replaces lost fluids and electrolytes, making it the best choice for severe dehydration, especially in patients with electrolyte imbalances.

(D) D5W: Initially isotonic but becomes hypotonic once glucose is metabolized, leading to fluid shifts into cells, worsening dehydration.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

(A) Hypernatremia: PTH does not significantly affect sodium levels.

(B) Hyponatremia: PTH imbalance does not cause sodium depletion.

(C) Hypocalcemia: Hyperparathyroidism increases calcium levels, not decreases them.

(D) Hypercalcemia: Hyperparathyroidism causes excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increases calcium release from bones, enhances calcium absorption in the intestines, and reduces calcium excretion by the kidneys, leading to hypercalcemia.

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

(A) Constipation: Hypocalcemia causes increased GI motility, leading to diarrhea, not constipation.

(B) Trousseau's sign: Carpal spasm when inflating a BP cuff is a classic sign of hypocalcemia.

(C) Positive Chvostek’s sign: Facial twitching when tapping the facial nerve suggests hypocalcemia.

(D) Muscle spasms: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to spasms and cramps.

(E) Shortened QT interval: Hypocalcemia prolongs the QT interval, while hypercalcemia shortens it.

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