Which IV fluid is most appropriate for a patient experiencing severe dehydration?
0.45% NaCl
3% NaCl
Lactated Ringer's
D5W
The Correct Answer is C
(A) 0.45% NaCl (Hypotonic Fluid): Used for mild dehydration but can cause fluid shifts leading to cerebral edema.
(B) 3% NaCl (Hypertonic Fluid): Used for severe hyponatremia, not dehydration.
(C) Lactated Ringer’s (LR): This isotonic fluid replaces lost fluids and electrolytes, making it the best choice for severe dehydration, especially in patients with electrolyte imbalances.
(D) D5W: Initially isotonic but becomes hypotonic once glucose is metabolized, leading to fluid shifts into cells, worsening dehydration.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
(A) Include foods rich in potassium in the diet: Torsemide is a loop diuretic, which increases potassium excretion and may cause hypokalemia, requiring potassium supplementation.
(B) Increase calcium-rich foods: Torsemide primarily affects potassium, not calcium.
(C) Restrict fluid intake to 500 mL/day: Fluid restrictions may be necessary in severe heart failure, but 500 mL/day is too restrictive unless specifically indicated.
(D) Restrict foods rich in potassium in the diet: Torsemide causes potassium loss, not retention, so restricting potassium would worsen hypokalemia.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
(A) Severe Dehydration: Prerenal AKI is caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys. Dehydration leads to hypovolemia, reducing renal perfusion and causing AKI.
(B) Renal Calculi: Postrenal AKI, not prerenal.
(C) Polycystic Kidney Disease: Chronic kidney disease, not acute.
(D) Glomerulonephritis: Intrarenal AKI, due to direct kidney damage
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