A patient presents to the clinic with complaints of suprapubic discomfort and problems with urination. After reviewing her lab results, you notice that her creatinine and BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) levels are elevated. What do these elevated levels indicate?
Vitamin D deficiency
Dehydration or kidney dysfunction
Respiratory acidosis
Liver failure or cirrhosis
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Vitamin D deficiency affects calcium and bone health, not creatinine or BUN levels, which reflect kidney function. Elevated BUN and creatinine point to dehydration or kidney issues, so this is incorrect for the lab findings.
Choice B reason: Elevated creatinine and BUN indicate dehydration or kidney dysfunction, as these markers rise when kidneys fail to clear waste or when blood volume is low. This matches the patient’s symptoms, making it the correct choice.
Choice C reason: Respiratory acidosis affects blood pH and CO2, not creatinine or BUN, which are renal markers. Kidney dysfunction or dehydration better explain the lab results, so this is incorrect for the findings.
Choice D reason: Liver failure may elevate other markers (e.g., bilirubin), but BUN and creatinine are kidney-specific. Dehydration or kidney dysfunction align with the labs and symptoms, so this is incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Red blood cells are not a direct measure of inflammation; they assess anemia or oxygen-carrying capacity. Inflammation is measured by WBC, ESR, and fever, which reflect immune activity and systemic response, so this is incorrect for inflammation measurement.
Choice B reason: White blood cells (WBC) increase during inflammation (leukocytosis), indicating immune activation. This is a standard laboratory measure of inflammatory processes, making it a correct choice for assessing inflammation in clinical practice.
Choice C reason: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measures how quickly red blood cells settle, rising with inflammation due to increased proteins. It’s a common marker for inflammatory conditions, making it a correct selection for measuring inflammation.
Choice D reason: Fever is a clinical sign of inflammation, driven by cytokines like IL-6. It’s a systemic response measured via temperature, making it a correct choice for assessing inflammation alongside laboratory markers like WBC and ESR.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Extending red blood cell lifespan is not a goal in polycythemia vera, where excessive red cell production increases blood viscosity. Treatment aims to reduce cell mass, not prolong cell life, as this would worsen hyperviscosity, making this an incorrect goal.
Choice B reason: Reducing the mean size of red blood cells is irrelevant, as polycythemia vera involves increased red cell count, not size. Treatment focuses on lowering hematocrit to decrease viscosity, not altering cell dimensions, making this an incorrect treatment goal.
Choice C reason: Reducing blood viscosity is the primary goal in polycythemia vera, achieved through phlebotomy or myelosuppressive therapy to lower red cell mass. This alleviates symptoms like itching and prevents thrombotic complications, directly addressing the disease’s pathophysiology, making this correct.
Choice D reason: Controlling hypertension is a secondary concern in polycythemia vera, often resulting from increased blood volume. While managed, the primary goal is reducing blood viscosity to prevent complications, as hypertension is a symptom, not the root cause, making this incorrect.
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