All of the following are stages of hemostasis except:
Formation of platelet plug (activation, adhesion, aggregation)
Blood coagulation or development of an insoluble fibrin clot
Hypercoagulability
Vessel spasm (vasoconstriction)
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Platelet plug formation (activation, adhesion, aggregation) is a key hemostasis stage, initiating clotting. Hypercoagulability is a pathological state, not a normal stage, so this is incorrect as the exception.
Choice B reason: Blood coagulation, forming a fibrin clot, is a core hemostasis stage, stabilizing the platelet plug. Hypercoagulability is not a standard stage, so this is incorrect for the exception.
Choice C reason: Hypercoagulability is a pathological condition increasing clotting risk, not a normal hemostasis stage. Vessel spasm, platelet plug, and coagulation are standard stages, making this the correct exception.
Choice D reason: Vessel spasm (vasoconstriction) is the initial hemostasis stage, reducing blood flow to the injury. Hypercoagulability is not a stage, so this is incorrect as the exception.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: A fracture is a break in the bone, as seen in the patient, but osteosarcoma is the underlying tumor causing the pathological fracture. Defining osteosarcoma as a fracture ignores its neoplastic nature, making this incorrect.
Choice B reason: A bone infection, or osteomyelitis, involves bacterial or fungal invasion, causing pain and inflammation. Osteosarcoma is a primary bone cancer, not an infection, with distinct histopathological features, making this an incorrect definition.
Choice C reason: Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor, typically arising in long bones like the humerus, often causing pain, swelling, and pathological fractures. This matches the patient’s imaging findings and clinical presentation, making this the correct definition.
Choice D reason: A benign bone tumor, like an osteoma, does not metastasize or cause aggressive destruction. Osteosarcoma’s malignant nature leads to local invasion and potential metastasis, as implied by the fracture, making this incorrect.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Lethargy is a common manifestation of hypothyroidism, resulting from slowed metabolism due to low thyroid hormone levels. It leads to fatigue and reduced energy, aligning with hypothyroid symptoms, making it a correct choice for clinical manifestations.
Choice B reason: Constipation is a hallmark of hypothyroidism, caused by decreased gastrointestinal motility from low thyroid hormone. This digestive slowing is a frequent complaint, making it a correct selection for hypothyroidism’s clinical manifestations.
Choice C reason: Restlessness is associated with hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism, which causes lethargy and slowed activity. Hypothyroid patients lack the agitation seen in hyperthyroid states, so this is incorrect for hypothyroidism manifestations.
Choice D reason: Intolerance to heat is a hyperthyroidism symptom, not hypothyroidism, where patients experience cold intolerance due to slowed metabolism. This is opposite to hypothyroid effects, so it’s incorrect for hypothyroidism’s clinical manifestations.
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