A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.29, bicarbonate (HCC) level of 25 mmol, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 55 mmHg Which cause is consistent with these lab values?
Shallow and decreased breathing secondary to COPD
Hyperventilation secondary to a panic attack
Increased renal HCO2 excretion due to kidney disease
Excessive H ion loss due to severe vomiting
The Correct Answer is A
A. Shallow and decreased breathing secondary to COPD: The lab values indicate respiratory acidosis, which is characterized by a low pH (acidic), normal bicarbonate levels, and elevated PaCO2. This is consistent with hypoventilation, often seen in conditions like COPD, where shallow breathing leads to CO2 retention.
B. Hyperventilation secondary to a panic attack: Hyperventilation would cause respiratory alkalosis, not acidosis, characterized by a high pH and low PaCO2.
C. Increased renal HCO3 excretion due to kidney disease: This would lead to metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis, and would typically be associated with a low bicarbonate level.
D. Excessive H+ ion loss due to severe vomiting: Severe vomiting causes metabolic alkalosis due to loss of H+ ions, not respiratory acidosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","F"]
Explanation
A. Respiration: Respiration issues are more relevant to respiratory disorders, while indigestion (dyspepsia) is directly related to GI disorders.
B. Swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) are a common symptom in GI disorders, indicating issues such as esophageal stricture, achalasia, or GERD.
C. Pain in the extremities is not typically associated with GI disorders; it is more relevant to musculoskeletal or neurological conditions.
D. Sleep disruption: While sleep disruption can occur with GI disorders, it is not a primary symptom to be questioned. Other symptoms like swallowing issues or indigestion are more directly related.
E. Family history: A family history of GI disorders can provide valuable information about hereditary conditions like Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or colorectal cancer.
F. Indigestion, or dyspepsia, is a common symptom of GI disorders. It includes discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen, bloating, and nausea, which are directly related to the GI system.
Correct Answer is ["C","D"]
Explanation
A. Oral anticoagulation is a treatment to prevent clots and reduce the risk of ischemic stroke, not a mechanism that causes a clot to form.
B. Anoxic encephalopathy is brain damage due to a lack of oxygen, which can be a result of stroke but is not a cause of thrombus formation.
C. Carotid stenosis or the narrowing of the carotid arteries, can lead to the formation of clots that may travel to the brain and cause an ischemic stroke.
D. Atrial fibrillation is a heart rhythm disorder that can lead to the formation of blood clots in the heart. These clots can then travel to the brain and cause an ischemic stroke.
E. Glutamate toxicity refers to neuronal damage caused by excessive glutamate but is not a mechanism that leads to clot formation or ischemic stroke.
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