A patient was involved in a fight and was hit in the head with a chair. The emergency room physician noted the following signs and symptoms:

A patient appears confused and does not remember being in a fight: the patient was brought in by a friend. The patient is having problems concentrating, dizziness, and flat affect. Which condition is indicated by the physician's findings?

Cerebral ischemia

Cerebral edema

Cerebral concussion

Cerebral hemorrhage

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A cerebral concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury that occurs when a blow to the head causes the brain to move rapidly inside the skull, resulting in temporary changes in brain function. A concussion can cause confusion, memory loss, impaired concentration, dizziness, headache, nausea, blurred vision, and mood changes. Most concussions resolve within a few days or weeks with rest and monitoring.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

ESRD is a condition in which the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste and fluid from the blood, resulting in a buildup of toxins and fluid in the body. ESRD can cause symptoms such as lethargy, oliguria (reduced urine output), and itchy and dry skin due to uremia (high levels of urea in the blood). ESRD can also cause anemia (low levels of red blood cells), which can explain the decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit. ESRD can be caused by chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease, which damage the kidneys over time.

A. Activation of platelets B. Activation of coagulation mediators C. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system D. Activation of rapid cell proliferation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. When blood pressure is low, the kidneys secrete renin, which converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which is then converted into angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that narrows blood vessels and increases blood pressure. It also stimulates the release of aldosterone, which increases sodium and water retention and further raises blood pressure. When the RAS is overactivated, it can lead to a hypertensive crisis, which is a severe elevation of blood pressure that can damage organs and cause stroke, heart attack, or kidney failure.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient has symptoms of lethargy, oliguria, and itchy and dry skin. The patient also has chronic conditions including hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease. Blood workup shows a drastic decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit. Which condition is described?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which process leads to the development of a hypertensive crisis?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer an enteral feeding to a client who has an NG tube in place. Which of the following methods should the nurse use to verify the correct placement of the NG tube?

A patient has a chronic digestive disease characterized by intermittent abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. This condition is sometimes referred to as regional enteritis Which condition does this patient have?

19. PET scan results indicate a tangled mass of nonfunctioning neurons replaced by senile plaques. Progress notes indicate deterioration of judgment, emotional detachment, and sleep disturbance. The etiology is noted to be a genetic mutation. Which condition is reflected in this patient's record?

What is caused by an obstruction in the lymphatic system leading to an accumulation of fluid in one or more lymph nodes?

A patient with lymphangitis often presents with swollen lymph nodes, fever, chills, muscle aches, and loss of appetite. What is another clinical manifestation of this condition?

A nurse is counseling a woman about prenatal vitamins and focuses on the need for folic acid intake. Which disorder is a potential consequence of inadequate folic acid intake?