Which statement about food and drug interactions is true?

Patient preference is the food and drug interaction of most concern.

Foods alter drug absorption and metabolism but not drug action.

Some foods, such as grapefruit, can interact with CYP isoenzymes and alter drug metabolism.

All medications are best absorbed with food.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Patient preference is not a primary concern in food-drug interactions; physiological effects are. Grapefruit’s impact on metabolism is significant, so this is incorrect for the true statement.

Choice B reason: Foods can alter absorption and metabolism, but some also affect drug action (e.g., tyramine with MAOIs). This statement is incomplete, making it incorrect compared to grapefruit’s specific effect.

Choice C reason: Grapefruit inhibits CYP isoenzymes, altering drug metabolism and increasing drug levels. This is a well-documented interaction, making it the correct true statement about food-drug interactions.

Choice D reason: Not all medications are best absorbed with food; some require empty stomachs. Grapefruit’s metabolic interaction is more accurate, so this is incorrect for the true statement.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Inhaled glucocorticoids, like budesonide, reduce airway inflammation over time but don’t act quickly enough to abort acute asthma attacks. Short-acting beta-agonists (e.g., albuterol) are used for acute relief, as glucocorticoids lack immediate bronchodilatory effects, making this choice incorrect for chronic asthma management.

Choice B reason: Using inhaled glucocorticoids only in emergencies is ineffective for chronic asthma. These drugs prevent inflammation and exacerbations through consistent use, not acute intervention. Emergency use is reserved for rescue inhalers like albuterol, making this choice inappropriate for long-term asthma control.

Choice C reason: Inhaled glucocorticoids require daily use to maintain anti-inflammatory effects, reducing airway hyperresponsiveness and preventing asthma exacerbations. Consistent dosing ensures steady suppression of chronic inflammation, improving lung function and reducing symptoms, making this the correct choice for managing chronic asthma effectively.

Choice D reason: A 2-week on/off schedule disrupts the consistent anti-inflammatory action of inhaled glucocorticoids needed for chronic asthma control. Intermittent use reduces efficacy, allowing inflammation to rebound, increasing exacerbation risk. Daily use is standard to maintain therapeutic benefits, making this choice incorrect.

A. The fetus must be monitored closely while the patient is taking this drug. B. The patient’s prescriber probably will change her medication to an ARB. C. The patient should stop taking the medication and contact her provider immediately. D. Assuming continue the medication with dose adjustment.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: ACE inhibitors are teratogenic, risking fetal harm, so monitoring while continuing is unsafe. Stopping the drug is critical, making this incorrect for safe pregnancy management.

Choice B reason: ARBs are also contraindicated in pregnancy due to similar teratogenic risks. Switching to an ARB is not safe, so this is incorrect compared to stopping the medication.

Choice C reason: ACE inhibitors can cause fetal abnormalities, so the patient must stop the medication and contact her provider immediately for safer alternatives. This is the correct action.

Choice D reason: Continuing ACE inhibitors, even adjusted, is dangerous in pregnancy due to teratogenicity. Immediate cessation and provider consultation are required, making this incorrect.

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Which statement about food and drug interactions is true?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

To achieve therapeutic effectiveness, a nurse teaches a patient with chronic asthma to use an inhaled glucocorticoid medication according to which schedule?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A female patient taking an ACE inhibitor learns that she is pregnant. What will the nurse tell this patient?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient who stops taking an ACE inhibitor because of its side effects will begin taking an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) medication. Which side effect of ACE inhibitors will not occur with an ARB medication?

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