Which statement about food and drug interactions is true?
Patient preference is the food and drug interaction of most concern.
Foods alter drug absorption and metabolism but not drug action.
Some foods, such as grapefruit, can interact with CYP isoenzymes and alter drug metabolism.
All medications are best absorbed with food.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Patient preference is not a primary concern in food-drug interactions; physiological effects are. Grapefruit’s impact on metabolism is significant, so this is incorrect for the true statement.
Choice B reason: Foods can alter absorption and metabolism, but some also affect drug action (e.g., tyramine with MAOIs). This statement is incomplete, making it incorrect compared to grapefruit’s specific effect.
Choice C reason: Grapefruit inhibits CYP isoenzymes, altering drug metabolism and increasing drug levels. This is a well-documented interaction, making it the correct true statement about food-drug interactions.
Choice D reason: Not all medications are best absorbed with food; some require empty stomachs. Grapefruit’s metabolic interaction is more accurate, so this is incorrect for the true statement.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use has a weak, controversial association with gastric cancer due to hypergastrinemia, but evidence is inconclusive. In older patients, risks like osteoporosis and nutrient deficiencies are more established and immediate concerns, making this choice less consistently worrisome compared to others.
Choice B reason: PPIs reduce gastric acid, impairing calcium absorption, which increases osteoporosis risk in older patients. Chronic use is linked to decreased bone density and higher fracture risk, particularly in the elderly, due to disrupted mineral homeostasis, making this a significant and correct adverse effect to monitor.
Choice C reason: PPIs inhibit acid production, reducing absorption of vitamin B12, magnesium, and iron, leading to deficiencies in older patients. These can cause anemia, neurological issues, or hypomagnesemia, which are particularly concerning in the elderly due to comorbidities, making this a correct and critical adverse effect.
Choice D reason: Headaches are a possible PPI side effect but are less common and less severe in older patients compared to osteoporosis, nutrient deficiencies, or drug interactions. They don’t pose a significant long-term risk or require specific monitoring, making this choice incorrect for major concerns.
Choice E reason: PPIs interact with drugs like clopidogrel, reducing its efficacy by inhibiting CYP2C19, and affect absorption of drugs requiring acidic environments. In older patients with polypharmacy, these interactions increase risks of adverse outcomes, making this a significant and correct concern for PPI use.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Metabolic acidosis involves low pH and HCO3-; here, pH is normal, and HCO3- is high. Elevated PaCO2 compensates for high HCO3-, so this is incorrect for the ABG values.
Choice B reason: Normal pH (7.39), high HCO3- (29), and high PaCO2 (47) indicate metabolic alkalosis fully compensated by respiratory retention of CO2. This matches the values, making it correct.
Choice C reason: Respiratory alkalosis has low PaCO2 and normal or low HCO3-. Here, PaCO2 and HCO3- are high, ruling this out, so it’s incorrect for the given ABG profile.
Choice D reason: Respiratory acidosis has high PaCO2 and low pH. Normal pH and high HCO3- suggest metabolic alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis, making this incorrect for the values.
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