Which statement about food and drug interactions is true?

Patient preference is the food and drug interaction of most concern.

Foods alter drug absorption and metabolism but not drug action.

Some foods, such as grapefruit, can interact with CYP isoenzymes and alter drug metabolism.

All medications are best absorbed with food.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Patient preference is not a primary concern in food-drug interactions; physiological effects are. Grapefruit’s impact on metabolism is significant, so this is incorrect for the true statement.

Choice B reason: Foods can alter absorption and metabolism, but some also affect drug action (e.g., tyramine with MAOIs). This statement is incomplete, making it incorrect compared to grapefruit’s specific effect.

Choice C reason: Grapefruit inhibits CYP isoenzymes, altering drug metabolism and increasing drug levels. This is a well-documented interaction, making it the correct true statement about food-drug interactions.

Choice D reason: Not all medications are best absorbed with food; some require empty stomachs. Grapefruit’s metabolic interaction is more accurate, so this is incorrect for the true statement.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Respiratory acidosis involves low pH and high PaCO2. Normal PaCO2 (44) and low HCO3- (12) point to metabolic acidosis, not respiratory, so this incorrect.

Choice B reason: Metabolic alkalosis has high pH and HCO3-. Low pH (7.31) and low HCO3- (12) rule this out, indicating metabolic acidosis, so this is incorrect.

Choice C reason: Low pH (7.31) and low HCO3- (12) with normal PaCO2 confirm metabolic acidosis, where acid accumulation lowers pH. This matches, making it the correct choice.

Choice D reason: Respiratory alkalosis has high pH and low PaCO2. Low pH and normal PaCO2 exclude this, pointing to metabolic acidosis, so this is incorrect.

A. Poor medication compliance B. Increased force of ventricular contraction C. Decreased force of ventricular contraction D. Lack of exercise

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Poor medication compliance may worsen heart failure but isn’t directly linked to crackles and shortness of breath. These symptoms result from fluid overload due to reduced cardiac output, not solely non-adherence. This choice is less specific to the physiological cause described.

Choice B reason: Increased ventricular contraction force, as with inotropes like digoxin, improves cardiac output, reducing fluid backup. Crackles and shortness of breath indicate fluid overload from poor heart function, not enhanced contraction, making this choice incorrect for the symptoms’ cause.

Choice C reason: Decreased ventricular contraction force in heart failure reduces cardiac output, causing blood to back up into the lungs, leading to pulmonary edema. This manifests as crackles and shortness of breath due to fluid accumulation, making this the correct physiological explanation for the symptoms.

Choice D reason: Lack of exercise may contribute to overall heart failure progression but doesn’t directly cause crackles and shortness of breath. These symptoms stem from acute fluid overload due to impaired cardiac pumping, not deconditioning, making this choice incorrect for the immediate cause.

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Which statement about food and drug interactions is true?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Name the following Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values: pH 7.31, PaCO2 44, HCO3- 12

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient who has heart failure. The patient complains of shortness of breath, and the nurse auscultates crackles in the lungs. The nurse understands that these symptoms are the result of

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

N-acetyl-para-aminophenol is an example of which type of drug name?

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Name the imbalance using the following Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values: pH 7.32, PaCO2 <37, HCO3- <24

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