A postoperative patient is undergoing antibiotic therapy. She has never had any problems taking medications in the past. When the nurse hung the second dose of IV antibiotics, the patient suddenly developed hives and itching. The nurse recognized this was most likely a(n):

allergic reaction.

side effect.

toxic effect.

idiosyncratic reaction.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. An allergic reaction is an immune response to a medication, even if the patient has taken the medication before without issues. Symptoms like hives and itching are classic signs of an allergic reaction.
B. A side effect is an expected, often mild and predictable reaction to a medication, not typically involving an immune response and severe symptoms like hives.
C. A toxic effect refers to harmful effects from a medication overdose or accumulation in the body, not sudden onset after an appropriate dose.
D. An idiosyncratic reaction is an uncommon response not related to allergies or toxic effects, usually not presenting with hives and itching.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Children do not necessarily require more frequent dosing; the dosing schedule depends on the medication and the condition being treated.
B. Children have less mature livers and kidneys, affecting drug metabolism and excretion, making them more vulnerable to medication errors and adverse effects.
C. Children do not metabolize all medications more quickly; their metabolism can vary based on age and development.
D. Children may have different rates of urine excretion, but this is not the primary reason for their vulnerability to medication errors.

A. The patient is having a mild reaction that can be treated easily with an antihistamine. B. The patient is experiencing a moderate allergic reaction and should improve shortly. C. The patient is having an anaphylactic reaction and emergency interventions should be started. D. These symptoms are probably due to food poisoning because very few patients have true allergic responses.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While itching and hives can be signs of a mild allergic reaction, difficulty breathing and low blood pressure indicate a more severe issue. Treating a severe reaction as mild can delay necessary emergency interventions, potentially leading to life-threatening consequences.
B. The symptoms described, including difficulty breathing and hypotension, suggest a severe, not moderate, allergic reaction. This misjudgment can result in insufficient treatment and delay life-saving measures.
C. Anaphylactic reactions are characterized by symptoms such as hives, difficulty breathing, and low blood pressure, requiring immediate emergency treatment. Prompt recognition and intervention are critical to prevent severe complications or death.
D. Food poisoning typically presents with gastrointestinal symptoms rather than respiratory distress and hypotension. Misdiagnosing an anaphylactic reaction as food poisoning can prevent timely administration of appropriate treatments like epinephrine.

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A postoperative patient is undergoing antibiotic therapy. She has never had any problems taking medications in the past. When the nurse hung the second dose of IV antibiotics, the patient suddenly developed hives and itching. The nurse recognized this was most likely a(n):

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is working in a pediatric special care unit. She recently transferred to this unit from an adult intensive care unit. The nurse is very cautious in administering medications because children are especially vulnerable to medication errors. Why is this true?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse notes that the patient is scratching and has hives 2 hours after receiving a dose of antibiotic medication. The patient soon starts having difficulty breathing and his blood pressure drops. What is the correct analysis of the patient's condition?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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