A pregnant client with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is at risk for which of the following maternal complications?
Hypotension and preterm labor
Placenta previa and fetal growth restriction
Hyperemesis gravidarum and anemia
Polyhydramnios and hypertension
The Correct Answer is D
A. Hypotension and preterm labor: Gestational diabetes is more commonly associated with hypertension rather than hypotension. Although preterm labor can occur, it is not a direct or primary complication of GDM. These conditions are not typically linked with poor glucose control.
B. Placenta previa and fetal growth restriction: Placenta previa is related to abnormal placental implantation, not glucose regulation. Fetal growth restriction is more common in placental insufficiency, while GDM is often associated with fetal macrosomia due to excess glucose availability.
C. Hyperemesis gravidarum and anemia: Hyperemesis gravidarum usually occurs in early pregnancy and is related to hormonal changes, not diabetes. Anemia is common in pregnancy but is not directly caused by GDM. These are not typical maternal complications of gestational diabetes.
D. Polyhydramnios and hypertension: GDM can lead to polyhydramnios due to increased fetal urination in response to hyperglycemia. Hypertension is also more prevalent in clients with GDM due to vascular changes and increased metabolic stress. These are well-established maternal risks.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Positive urine pregnancy test: A positive urine pregnancy test detects hCG but can be influenced by other conditions like trophoblastic disease. It is classified as a probable sign, not a definitive confirmation of pregnancy.
B. Fetal movement felt by the mother: Perception of fetal movement (quickening) is a presumptive sign. It is subjective and can be confused with other sensations, so it is not a reliable indicator of pregnancy.
C. Auscultation of fetal heart tones by Doppler: Hearing fetal heart tones is a positive sign of pregnancy. It provides objective evidence of a fetus, confirming the presence of life inside the uterus and ruling out other conditions.
D. Breast tenderness and enlargement: These are presumptive signs and can occur due to hormonal changes unrelated to pregnancy. They are common in the premenstrual phase and thus not diagnostic on their own.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Occupation: While a woman’s job may influence exposure to stress or hazards, it is not the most significant factor affecting maternal health. Its impact varies greatly and is often tied to broader issues like income and healthcare access.
B. Level of education: Education can affect health literacy and decision-making, but it is not the strongest determinant of maternal health outcomes. Its effects are indirect and often mediated through other factors like healthcare access and socioeconomic status.
C. Access to prenatal care: Timely and consistent prenatal care enables early detection and management of pregnancy complications, improving both maternal and fetal outcomes. Lack of access contributes to higher rates of morbidity and mortality, making it a key determinant in the U.S.
D. Marital status: Marital status may influence emotional and financial support, but it does not consistently predict maternal health outcomes. Access to care and quality of services play a more direct role in determining maternal well-being.
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