A student nurse is reviewing for an upcoming examination and recognizes in the ECG readings that the QRS wave represents which of the following?

Choice A rationale

Loss of peripheral vision is more commonly associated with glaucoma, where increased intraocular pressure damages the optic nerve. This condition leads to gradual loss of peripheral vision, often described as "tunnel vision.”. Cataracts typically do not cause this symptom.

Choice B rationale

Cataracts involve the clouding of the eye's natural lens, leading to blurred vision and decreased ability to perceive colors. The clouding scatters light, reducing the clarity of color perception and overall vision. This symptom is consistent with cataract formation.

Choice C rationale

Seeing bright flashes of light and floaters is more commonly associated with retinal detachment or posterior vitreous detachment. These conditions involve changes in the retina or vitreous humor, leading to such visual disturbances. Cataracts do not typically cause these symptoms.

Choice D rationale

Loss of central vision is more commonly associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), where the central part of the retina (macula) deteriorates. This condition affects central vision, making activities like reading and recognizing faces difficult. Cataracts primarily cause generalized blurred vision, not central vision loss.

Choice A rationale

Myopia, or nearsightedness, is when distant objects appear blurry because light rays focus in front of the retina. A Snellen exam result of 20/50 means the client can see at 20 feet what someone with normal vision sees at 50 feet, indicating reduced distance vision. However, this condition does not correlate with the ability to read the Rosenbaum chart, which is for near vision, thus excluding myopia.

Choice B rationale

Normal vision is not indicated by a Snellen exam result of 20/50, as this signifies a visual impairment where the client sees at 20 feet what a person with normal vision sees at 50 feet. Normal vision would be indicated by 20/20 on the Snellen exam.

Choice C rationale

Presbyopia is the age-related loss of the eye's ability to focus on near objects, typically noticeable in people over 40. Although this condition involves difficulty reading at close range, the client's uncorrected Snellen exam result of 20/50 pertains to distance vision, which differentiates presbyopia from the given scenario.

Choice D rationale

Hyperopia, or farsightedness, is when close objects appear blurry because light rays focus behind the retina. The client's ability to read the Rosenbaum chart without difficulty indicates good near vision, while the Snellen exam result of 20/50 reflects reduced distance vision, thus supporting the diagnosis of hyperopia.