A woman comes to the clinic for a routine checkup. After obtaining the client's history, the nurse identifies that the client is at increased risk for cervical cancer based on her history of exposure to which virus?

A. Attach a sign above her bed to have BP, IV lines, and lab work in her right arm.

- This option is not appropriate because after a right-sided modified-radical mastectomy, it's generally contraindicated to use the affected arm (right arm in this case) for blood pressure measurements, IV lines, or blood draws. This is because such procedures can impede lymphatic drainage and increase the risk of lymphedema. Therefore, the unaffected arm is typically preferred for these purposes to reduce the risk of complications.

B. Encourage her to turn, cough, and deep breathe at frequent intervals.

- While turning, coughing, and deep breathing are essential postoperative nursing interventions to prevent respiratory complications such as pneumonia, they are not specific to the unique needs of a woman who has undergone a mastectomy. These interventions are more focused on general postoperative care rather than addressing the specific concerns related to mastectomy, such as lymphedema management.

C. Position her right arm below heart level.

- This is the correct choice. Positioning the right arm below heart level helps reduce swelling and promotes lymphatic drainage, particularly after surgery involving the lymph nodes, as in a mastectomy. This positioning aids in preventing complications such as lymphedema and supports optimal circulation and fluid balance in the affected arm.

D. Ask the client how she feels about having her breast removed.

- While emotional support and addressing the client's feelings are important aspects of care for a woman who has undergone a mastectomy, this intervention is more appropriate during psychosocial assessment and counseling sessions, rather than immediately postoperatively. At this stage, the focus should be primarily on physical recovery and addressing immediate postoperative needs, such as pain management and prevention of complications like lymphedema. Emotional support can certainly be provided, but it should not be the primary intervention immediately following surgery.

A. Developing most often in women in their 30s:

Stress incontinence can affect women of various ages, not specifically those in their 30s. While childbirth and hormonal changes associated with aging can increase the risk of stress incontinence, it is not limited to any particular age group.

B. Feeling a strong need to void:

This characteristic is more indicative of urgency incontinence, also known as overactive bladder (OAB), where there is a sudden, strong urge to urinate that is difficult to control. It is different from stress incontinence, which is triggered by physical movements or activities that increase pressure on the bladder.

C. Passing a large amount of urine:

This choice does not specifically describe a characteristic of stress incontinence. Stress incontinence involves the leakage of small amounts of urine during activities such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercising, rather than the passage of a large amount of urine at once.

D. Sneezing as an initiating stimulus:

This is the correct characteristic of stress incontinence. Stress incontinence is characterized by the leakage of urine during physical activities or movements that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting, or exercising. Sneezing is a common initiating stimulus for stress incontinence episodes.