According to dynamic systems theory, how do infants develop motor skills?
Motor skills are initially influenced by biology but become increasingly dependent on environmental factors.
Infants take bits and pieces of data from sensations and build representations of the world in their minds.
Motor development comes about through the unfolding of a genetic plan, or maturation.
Infants perceive something new in the environment that motivates them to act. They use their perceptions to fine-tune their movements.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Motor skills are initially influenced by biology but become increasingly dependent on environmental factors: While biology and environment both matter, this statement is overly linear and doesn’t capture the moment-to-moment, multi-factor interaction emphasized by dynamic systems theory.
B. Infants take bits and pieces of data from sensations and build representations of the world in their minds: This describes constructivist/cognitive processes (Piagetian), focusing on internal mental representations rather than dynamic, embodied action.
C. Motor development comes about through the unfolding of a genetic plan, or maturation: This is the maturational (nativist) view, which sees motor milestones as preprogrammed rather than emergent from multiple interacting factors.
D. Infants perceive something new in the environment that motivates them to act. They use their perceptions to fine-tune their movements: Dynamic systems theory emphasizes that motor skills emerge from interactions among perception, action, the body, and environment; infants use perception to continuously adjust movements.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"C"}
Explanation
A. cross-sectional: Cross-sectional studies compare different age groups at one time point rather than following the same individuals over time.
B. naturalistic observation: Naturalistic observation is a method of observing behavior in real settings but does not specify a long-term follow-up of the same cohort.
C. longitudinal: Longitudinal studies follow the same group of individuals across multiple time points (e.g., infancy into adulthood), matching Dr. Chang’s description.
D. experimental: Experimental studies manipulate variables and assign participants to conditions, not simply following a group over many years.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. rooting: Rooting causes head-turning toward cheek stimulation to find a nipple; it does not produce full-body startle responses.
B. Moro: The Moro (startle) reflex produces arm abduction/extension, head throwing back, and sometimes crying in response to a sudden stimulus — this matches the description.
C. sucking: Sucking is an oral reflex triggered by placing something in the mouth; it doesn’t cause arching and arm flinging.
D. grasping: The grasp (palmar) reflex causes fingers to close around an object, not the described startle posture.
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