ADH release from the posterior pituitary is stimulated by which process?
Low blood pressure sensed by baroreceptors in the kidneys.
Low osmolality sensed by osmoreceptors in the kidneys.
High plasma osmolarity sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
High concentration of potassium sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid body.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale: Low blood pressure sensed by baroreceptors in the kidneys would stimulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which regulates blood pressure and sodium balance.
Choice B rationale: Low osmolality sensed by osmoreceptors in the kidneys would
indicate that the body has excess water and needs to excrete it, which would inhibit ADH release.
Choice C rationale: ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, is a peptide hormone that regulates the water balance in the body. It is released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to signals from the hypothalamus. When the plasma osmolarity, or the concentration of solutes in the blood, is high, it means that the body is dehydrated and needs to conserve water. The osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect this change and stimulate the release of ADH, which acts on the kidneys to increase water
reabsorption and decrease urine output. This helps to lower the plasma osmolarity and restore the water balance.
Choice D rationale: High concentration of potassium sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid body would affect the acid-base balance and respiratory rate, but not ADH
release.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale: The Tensilon test involves injecting edrophonium, and in myasthenia gravis, temporary improvement in muscle strength confirms the diagnosis by demonstrating increased acetylcholine activity at the neuromuscular junction.
Choice B rationale: This describes the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis but doesn’t directly confirm the diagnosis via the Tensilon test.
Choice C rationale: While this may be seen in myasthenia gravis, the Tensilon test specifically aims to observe improved muscle strength after administration.
Choice D rationale: While the presence of these antibodies is a characteristic of myasthenia gravis, the Tensilon test is used to assess the immediate response to the medication for diagnostic confirmation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Typically associated with potassium depletion rather than elevated levels.
Choice B rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause potassium depletion leading to hypokalemia, but it might also cause transient elevations in potassium levels initially. Choice C rationale: Addison disease can cause hyperkalemia, or high potassium, due to decreased renal excretion of potassium and increased retention of sodium and water.
Choice D rationale: Cushing disease can cause hypokalemia, or low potassium, due to increased renal excretion of potassium and decreased reabsorption of sodium and water.
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