After teaching a class about the hemodynamic characteristics of congenital heart disease, the instructor determines that the teaching has been successful when the class identifies which defect as an example of a disorder involving increased pulmonary blood flow?

Transposition of The Great Arteries

Coarctation of the Aorta

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Transposition of The Great Arteries involves abnormal positioning of the arteries, leading to systemic and pulmonary circulations being disconnected, rather than increased pulmonary blood flow.

B. Coarctation of the Aorta is a narrowing of the aorta that can cause increased pressure in the upper extremities but does not involve increased pulmonary blood flow.

C. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a condition where the ductus arteriosus fails to close, causing increased blood flow to the lungs, leading to pulmonary overcirculation.

D. Tetralogy of Fallot leads to decreased pulmonary blood flow due to pulmonary stenosis and right ventricular hypertrophy.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Foreign body aspiration is characterized by sudden onset of coughing, choking, and wheezing, not crackles and rales.

B. Systemic congestion refers to peripheral edema and does not usually present with crackles in the lungs.

C. Pneumonia would present with localized crackles or rales over specific lung areas and often includes fever and cough, which are not mentioned here.

D. Pulmonary congestion is common in children with VSD, particularly when the left side of the heart cannot effectively pump blood, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs. Crackles and rales indicate this type of fluid buildup.

A. Right ventricular hypertrophy B. Left ventricular hypertrophy C. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) D. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) E. Pulmonary stenosis (PS) F. Overriding aorta

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E","F"]

Explanation

A. Right ventricular hypertrophy is part of the pathophysiology of TOF, resulting from the increased workload on the right ventricle due to pulmonary stenosis.

B. Left ventricular hypertrophy is not part of TOF; the condition primarily affects the right ventricle.

C. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is not a characteristic of TOF, although it may be present in some cases, it's not part of the primary defects.

D. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a primary defect in TOF, which allows blood to mix between the left and right ventricles.

E. Pulmonary stenosis (PS) is a key feature of TOF, causing right-sided obstruction.

F. Overriding aorta occurs when the aorta is positioned directly over the VSD, receiving blood from both the right and left ventricles.

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After teaching a class about the hemodynamic characteristics of congenital heart disease, the instructor determines that the teaching has been successful when the class identifies which defect as an example of a disorder involving increased pulmonary blood flow?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) involves which defects? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E","F"]

Explanation

The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with ventricular septal defect (VSD), the nurse is aware that many infants with these conditions also receive a diagnosis of which of the following?

The nurse is assessing a child with epiglottitis. Which of the following would be an expected finding?

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In which congenital heart defect would the nurse need to take upper and lower extremity blood pressures?

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