All are negative symptoms of schizophrenia except
Delusions
Avolition
Apathy
Alogia
The Correct Answer is A
A. Delusions are a positive symptom of schizophrenia, not a negative symptom. They are false, fixed beliefs that persist despite evidence to the contrary. Common types include persecutory, grandiose, and bizarre delusions. Positive symptoms result from excess dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway.
B. Avolition is a negative symptom characterized by a lack of motivation to initiate and sustain goal-directed activities. It leads to difficulties with personal hygiene, work, and social engagement, significantly impairing daily functioning.
C. Apathy is a negative symptom marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or emotional responsiveness. Individuals with schizophrenia may show indifference to social interactions, personal achievements, or daily activities.
D. Alogia (poverty of speech) is a negative symptom where individuals speak less and provide minimal verbal responses. This reflects impaired thought processing and reduced cognitive engagement, common in schizophrenia's mesocortical dopamine pathway dysfunction.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Haloperidol (Haldol) is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic, which has a higher risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) but a lower risk of metabolic syndrome compared to second-generation antipsychotics.
B. Aripiprazole (Abilify) is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic with a lower risk of metabolic side effects. It has a partial dopamine agonist mechanism, which makes it less likely to cause weight gain, dyslipidemia, or glucose intolerance.
C. Clozapine (Clozaril) has the highest risk of metabolic syndrome among antipsychotics. It is associated with significant weight gain, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and an increased risk of diabetes. Regular metabolic monitoring (weight, blood glucose, lipids) is essential for patients taking clozapine.
D. Lurasidone (Latuda) is a second-generation antipsychotic with a lower metabolic risk compared to other atypical antipsychotics. It is generally considered weight-neutral and has minimal effects on glucose and lipid metabolism.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Clozapine (Clozaril) is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic with a high risk of weight gain, metabolic syndrome, and sedation due to its strong antagonism of histamine (H1) and serotonin (5-HT2C) receptors. It can also cause sexual dysfunction due to its impact on dopamine and prolactin levels.
B. Olanzapine (Zyprexa) has a significant risk of weight gain and metabolic side effects, similar to clozapine. It is known to cause hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and increased appetite, contributing to obesity. Sexual dysfunction can occur but is less common than with prolactin-elevating antipsychotics.
C. Haloperidol (Haldol) is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic with a high risk of sexual dysfunction due to prolactin elevation from strong dopamine (D2) receptor blockade. While it has a lower risk of weight gain than atypical antipsychotics, it carries a high risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).
D. Aripiprazole (Abilify) is a partial dopamine agonist and has the lowest risk of weight gain among atypical antipsychotics. It also has a minimal impact on prolactin levels, reducing the risk of sexual dysfunction. Due to its unique mechanism, it is often preferred for patients concerned about metabolic side effects and sexual health.
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