All are symptoms of autism spectrum disorder except.
Stereotypic movements
Restricted interest
Social communication deficit
Receptive language dysfunction
The Correct Answer is D
A. Stereotypic movements. Repetitive motor behaviors, such as hand-flapping, rocking, and spinning, are characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These stereotypic movements serve as self-stimulatory behaviors and may help regulate sensory input.
B. Restricted interest. Individuals with ASD often display intense, fixated interests in specific topics or objects (e.g., an obsession with maps, numbers, or train schedules). These restricted interests are highly focused and often interfere with daily functioning.
C. Social communication deficit. Impaired social interaction and communication are core features of ASD. Affected individuals struggle with understanding social cues, making eye contact, interpreting facial expressions, and engaging in reciprocal conversations.
D. Receptive language dysfunction. While language delays can be present in ASD, receptive language dysfunction (difficulty understanding spoken language) is more characteristic of specific language impairment (SLI) or aphasia rather than ASD. In ASD, deficits in pragmatic (social) communication are more pronounced than in purely receptive language processing.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "Made up" words. This describes neologisms, where individuals create new, nonsensical words that have meaning only to them. It is often seen in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
B. Repeating of another's words. This describes echolalia, a speech disturbance where individuals involuntarily repeat words or phrases spoken by others. It is common in autism spectrum disorder, catatonia, and some neurological conditions.
C. Thought of the speaker wanders off in another direction. Tangentiality occurs when a person's train of thought drifts away from the original topic and never returns to it. Unlike circumstantial speech, where the person eventually returns to the point, tangential thinking leads to incoherent, off-topic responses, commonly seen in schizophrenia, mania, and cognitive disorders.
D. Meaningless rhythm of words. This describes word salad, where speech consists of random, disorganized, and nonsensical words without logical structure. It is a severe thought disorder seen in advanced schizophrenia or delirium.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Clozapine (Clozaril) is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic with a high risk of weight gain, metabolic syndrome, and sedation due to its strong antagonism of histamine (H1) and serotonin (5-HT2C) receptors. It can also cause sexual dysfunction due to its impact on dopamine and prolactin levels.
B. Olanzapine (Zyprexa) has a significant risk of weight gain and metabolic side effects, similar to clozapine. It is known to cause hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and increased appetite, contributing to obesity. Sexual dysfunction can occur but is less common than with prolactin-elevating antipsychotics.
C. Haloperidol (Haldol) is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic with a high risk of sexual dysfunction due to prolactin elevation from strong dopamine (D2) receptor blockade. While it has a lower risk of weight gain than atypical antipsychotics, it carries a high risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).
D. Aripiprazole (Abilify) is a partial dopamine agonist and has the lowest risk of weight gain among atypical antipsychotics. It also has a minimal impact on prolactin levels, reducing the risk of sexual dysfunction. Due to its unique mechanism, it is often preferred for patients concerned about metabolic side effects and sexual health.
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