An adult in the emergency department states, "Everything I see appears to be waving. I am outside my body looking at myself. I think I'm losing my mind." Vital signs are slightly elevated. What does the nurse suspect?

A schizophrenic episode

Hallucinogen ingestion

Opium intoxication

Cocaine overdose

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. A schizophrenic episode Schizophrenic episodes are characterized by a complex interplay of symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and altered perceptions. While the client is experiencing altered perceptions, the sudden onset and specific description are more indicative of hallucinogen ingestion.

B. Hallucinogen ingestion The client's description of altered perception, feeling outside of their own body, and visual distortions are indicative of hallucinogen ingestion. This class of substances can cause profound alterations in perception, leading to hallucinations and distorted sensory experiences. The slightly elevated vital signs may be a physiological response to the effects of the hallucinogen.

C. Opium intoxication Opium is an opioid and its effects are characterized by sedation, respiratory depression, and miosis (pupil constriction). The client's description of altered perception and feeling outside of their body are not typical of opium intoxication.

D. Cocaine overdose Cocaine is a stimulant and its effects are characterized by increased heart rate, blood pressure, and hyperarousal. The client's description of altered perception and feeling outside of their body are not typical of cocaine overdose.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Incorrect. While aging can contribute to cognitive changes, it is not the primary factor in the acute onset of delirium.

B) Correct. This statement highlights the acute and rapid onset of behavioral changes, which is characteristic of delirium. Delirium is an acute confessional state characterized by alterations in cognition, attention, and level of consciousness. It often has a sudden onset.

C) Incorrect. Chronic forgetfulness may be indicative of dementia or other cognitive disorders, but it does not support the acute onset seen in delirium.

D) Incorrect. Independence and living alone do not directly relate to the acute onset of delirium.

A. Loss of appetite B. Insomnia C. Emotional lability D. Anxiety

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Loss of appetite can be a symptom of PMDD, but it is not the primary manifestation.
B. Insomnia can be a symptom of PMDD, but it is not the primary manifestation.
C. Emotional lability, or rapid and intense mood swings, is a primary manifestation of PMDD.
D. Anxiety can be a symptom of PMDD, but it is not the primary manifestation.

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An adult in the emergency department states, "Everything I see appears to be waving. I am outside my body looking at myself. I think I'm losing my mind." Vital signs are slightly elevated. What does the nurse suspect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

An 80 year-old client, together with his daughter, arrived at the medical surgical unit for diagnostic confirmation and management of probable delirium. Which statement by the client's daughter best supports the diagnosis?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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