An older adult client with a history of alcohol abuse is admitted to the hospital due to dehydration. The client is 20 lb (9.1 kg) under ideal weight and assessment findings include nystagmus, ataxia, and tremors. The nurse knows that these symptoms were most likely caused by which nutritional deficiency?

Vitamin B12.

Lack of dietary vitamin A.

Protein starvation.

Iron deficiency anemia.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Vitamin B12. Nystagmus, ataxia (loss of control of bodily movements), and tremors are neurological symptoms associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, particularly in individuals with a history of alcohol abuse who may have impaired absorption of nutrients due to gastrointestinal
issues.

B.   Lack of dietary vitamin A. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to various symptoms, but it is not typically associated with nystagmus, ataxia, and tremors.
C.   Protein starvation. Protein deficiency can cause various symptoms, but it is not typically associated with nystagmus, ataxia, and tremors.
D.   Iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia can cause fatigue, weakness, and pale skin, but it is not typically associated with nystagmus, ataxia, and tremors.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Low residue diet. This diet is designed to reduce the amount of indigestible material in the digestive tract, which is helpful for certain gastrointestinal conditions but not specifically for managing weight loss and stomatitis in chemotherapy patients.
B. Mechanical soft diet. While this diet includes foods that are easier to chew, it might not provide the necessary high protein content needed for someone who is significantly underweight and has increased nutritional needs due to chemotherapy.
C. Pureed regular diet. This diet consists of pureed foods that are easy to swallow, which is beneficial for those with severe difficulty chewing or swallowing, but it might not provide enough variety or appeal to encourage adequate intake in someone with stomatitis.
D. High protein soft diet. This diet includes soft foods that are easy to chew and swallow, making it suitable for someone with stomatitis. Additionally, it focuses on high protein content, which is essential for tissue repair and maintaining muscle mass, especially important for a client who has lost a significant amount of weight due to chemotherapy.

A. Insert a portion of the tablet into the tube and apply gentle pressure. B. Consult with the pharmacist about a liquid form of the medication C. Dissolve the medication in sterile water and use gravity to administer. D. Crush the medication and dilute with water before pouring into the tube.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Inserting a portion of the tablet into the tube and applying gentle pressure may not ensure proper dissolution, potentially leading to clogging or incomplete administration.
B. Consulting with the pharmacist about a liquid form of the medication is the best course of action. Enteric-coated tablets are formulated to release the medication in the small intestine, and crushing or dissolving them can alter their effectiveness or cause irritation.
C. Dissolving the medication in sterile water and using gravity to administer may not adequately address the enteric coating, risking medication inefficacy or irritation.
D. Crushing the medication and diluting it with water before pouring into the tube is not recommended for enteric-coated tablets, as it may compromise their effectiveness and lead to adverse effects.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client who is receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy has lost 25% of total body weight and is having difficulty eating because of stomatitis. In planning care for this client, which diet should the nurse recommend?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is administering a client's medications through a feeding tube. One of the medications is an enteric-coated tablet. Which action would be best for the nurse to take?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with diabetes mellitus tells the nurse of using cranberry juice to help prevent urinary tract infections. Which instruction should the nurse provide?

The nurse is reviewing a nutrition plan with a client newly diagnosed with hypertension. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet?

The charge nurse observes a practical nurse (PN) measuring the waist circumference of a client who has expressed a concern about health problems related to obesity. Which action should the nurse implement?

When conducting diet teaching for a client who was diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia, which food(s) should the nurse encourage the client to eat? Select all that apply.

The nurse is helping develop a meal plan based on nutritional guidelines for an older adult client being discharged to home with the client's spouse. Which statement by the client and spouse best indicates an understanding of the nutritional guidelines when planning meals?

The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for an adolescent whose body mass index (BMI) is 35. Which foods are best for the client to select for after school snacks?