An older adult diabetic patient is mildly hypertensive. The nurse prepares to educate the patient regarding angiotensin ll blocking agents. These drugs are especially useful in older adults because they:

protect the kidneys function

have a well-defined therapeutic window

can be given when liver function is compromised

are more effective than other drugs in the same class

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are a class of medications used to treat high blood pressure. They work by blocking the effects of angiotensin II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels and causes the kidneys to retain sodium and water. This can lead to increased blood pressure and damage to the kidneys.

B.   While ARBs do have a well-defined therapeutic window, this is not the primary reason why they are especially useful in older adults.
C.   ARBs should be used with caution in patients with liver problems, as they can be metabolized by the liver.
D.   ARBs are generally considered to be as effective as other antihypertensive medications, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This activity involves assessing individuals for high blood pressure, which is a common risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Blood pressure screening is a classic example of secondary prevention because it aims to detect hypertension early so that it can be managed before complications, such as heart disease or stroke, develop. This activity is appropriate for secondary prevention as it helps identify those with undiagnosed hypertension and provides an opportunity for early intervention.
B. Fitting glasses addresses a specific need related to vision but does not primarily focus on early detection or intervention for diseases. It falls more under the category of tertiary prevention, which aims to manage existing conditions and prevent further complications or disabilities. While improving vision is beneficial, this activity does not primarily fit the secondary prevention model of detecting disease early in asymptomatic individuals.
C. This activity is an example of primary prevention, not secondary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent diseases before they occur, such as through vaccination to prevent influenza. Although flu vaccines are important for public health, they do not fit the secondary prevention model, which is concerned with early detection and intervention for existing or developing health issues.
D. This activity is also an example of primary prevention. Teaching about sun exposure risks aims to prevent skin cancer by promoting behaviors that reduce the risk of developing the disease. It focuses on educating people to avoid sunburns and protect their skin to prevent skin cancer from developing in the first place. Thus, it does not fit the secondary prevention model.

A. assures the patient that all answers will be kept confidential B. explains the reason for asking the questions C. makes sure the interview area is comfortable and private. D. asks whether the patient has any questions about the Interview

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While ensuring confidentiality is crucial for building trust and encouraging openness, it is often a standard assurance given after establishing a rapport. It does not directly address immediate comfort or the setting of the interview, which can have a significant impact on the patient’s initial anxiety.
B. Explaining the reason for asking questions can help the patient understand the purpose of the interview, making them feel more comfortable and less anxious. This can also help in building trust and encouraging the patient to provide more accurate and complete information. However, this explanation usually comes after ensuring that the interview environment is comfortable and private.
C. Creating a comfortable and private environment is a critical first step. A well-arranged and private interview area helps to make the patient feel safe and at ease, reducing their anxiety and enabling them to speak more freely. It sets the stage for a more successful and effective interview.
D. Allowing the patient to ask questions about the interview can be beneficial and may help in reducing anxiety. It provides an opportunity to clarify any uncertainties the patient might have. However, this step is usually more effective after addressing the immediate comfort and privacy concerns of the interview setting.

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An older adult diabetic patient is mildly hypertensive. The nurse prepares to educate the patient regarding angiotensin ll blocking agents. These drugs are especially useful in older adults because they:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

To best minimize patient anxiety and help ensure a successful history assessment interview, the geriatric nurse first:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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