An older adult diabetic patient is mildly hypertensive. The nurse prepares to educate the patient regarding angiotensin ll blocking agents. These drugs are especially useful in older adults because they:

protect the kidneys function

have a well-defined therapeutic window

can be given when liver function is compromised

are more effective than other drugs in the same class

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are a class of medications used to treat high blood pressure. They work by blocking the effects of angiotensin II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels and causes the kidneys to retain sodium and water. This can lead to increased blood pressure and damage to the kidneys.

B.   While ARBs do have a well-defined therapeutic window, this is not the primary reason why they are especially useful in older adults.
C.   ARBs should be used with caution in patients with liver problems, as they can be metabolized by the liver.
D.   ARBs are generally considered to be as effective as other antihypertensive medications, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. When a patient is required to sign official documents, such as medical consent forms or advance directives, it is crucial that they understand the implications of their decisions. An interpreter can ensure that the patient fully comprehends the information and can make informed choices about their care.
B. While an interpreter can be helpful for orientation, it is not as critical as when the patient is signing official documents.
C. An interpreter can facilitate communication between the patient and the physician, ensuring that the patient's concerns and questions are fully understood. However, this is not as critical as when the patient is making important decisions about their care.
D. While it is important to provide emotional support to a patient who is upset, an interpreter may not be necessary in this situation. The nurse can use nonverbal communication and other strategies to comfort the patient and address their emotional needs.

A. reflex tone B. body for bruising C. serum creatinine level D. prothrombin time

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Reflex tone refers to the neurological response of the body to stimuli and is not directly related to the action or monitoring of anticoagulant therapy. While assessing reflexes might be important for overall patient health, it is not specifically relevant to monitoring the effects of warfarin. Reflex tone does not provide information on the anticoagulation status or risk of bleeding associated with warfarin therapy.
B. Checking the body for bruising helps assess the safety of warfarin therapy and may indicate the need for dosage adjustments or further investigation if bruising is excessive. However, while monitoring for bruising is essential, it is not the primary method for assessing the effectiveness and safety of anticoagulant therapy.
C. While monitoring kidney function is relevant for overall medication management, it is not the primary focus for directly assessing the effectiveness or safety of warfarin therapy. Kidney function is more related to adjusting doses and avoiding potential complications.
D. Regularly reviewing PT is crucial for managing warfarin therapy because it directly reflects the anticoagulation effect of the medication. The International Normalized Ratio (INR), derived from PT, is used to ensure the patient is within the therapeutic range for effective anticoagulation while minimizing the risk of bleeding.

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An older adult diabetic patient is mildly hypertensive. The nurse prepares to educate the patient regarding angiotensin ll blocking agents. These drugs are especially useful in older adults because they:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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