At 3 years old, children scribble all over the page; but 4-year-olds can make more precise drawings, because 4-year-olds have more developed

A. simple reflexes: In Piaget’s sensorimotor substages, the first substage (0–1 month) is characterized by simple reflexes (e.g., rooting, sucking), so this is the correct label.
B. gross motor skills: Gross motor skills refer to large-muscle actions like crawling or walking, not the category name for newborn reflexes.
C. fine motor skills: Fine motor skills involve controlled hand/finger movements and are not the term used for newborn reflexive behaviors like rooting and sucking.
D. habits: “Habits” or primary circular reactions appear in later substages (e.g., repeating actions) rather than the initial reflexive substage.

A. initiative versus guilt: Initiative vs. guilt is Erikson’s stage for early childhood (preschool), not adolescence.
B. intimacy versus isolation: Intimacy vs. isolation is the central stage of early adulthood, focusing on forming close relationships.
C. identity versus role confusion: Identity vs. role confusion is Erikson’s stage for adolescence and centers on developing a coherent sense of self.
D. industry versus inferiority: Industry vs. inferiority is the school-age stage (middle childhood), prior to the adolescent identity stage.