Complications of sustained hypertension include which of the following?

Hyperventilation refers to an increased rate and depth of breathing, which results in excessive elimination of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body. Carbon dioxide is an acidic gas that helps regulate the pH of the blood. When too much CO2 is lost through hyperventilation, it causes a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood (PaCO2), leading to a condition called hypocapnia.

Hypocapnia can cause symptoms such as lightheadedness, dizziness, and tingling in the fingers and toes.

Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood or bloody secretions from the respiratory tract. It is a sign of a serious condition and should be reported immediately to a healthcare provider. In this case, the patient's cold and cough may have led to irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract, resulting in hemoptysis.

1. Hematemesis: This is the vomiting of blood from the upper gastrointestinal tract, which usually appears bright red or dark brown in color.
2. Cyanosis: This is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by the presence of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood.
3. Rhinitis: This is the inflammation of the nasal mucosa, often causing a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.