Development progressing from the center of the body in an outward direction is called what?

Choice A reason: This is not the correct answer. Depression is a mental disorder that affects the mood, thoughts, and behavior of the client. It causes persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness, as well as loss of interest, motivation, or pleasure in activities. Depression may cause some physical symptoms, such as fatigue, insomnia, or weight changes, but it does not cause dry eyes or frequent urination.

Choice B reason: This is not the correct answer. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that affects the muscles, joints, and nerves of the client. It causes widespread pain, stiffness, and tenderness, as well as fatigue, sleep problems, and cognitive difficulties. Fibromyalgia may cause some symptoms that overlap with menopause, such as dry eyes or weight gain, but it does not cause frequent urination.

Choice C reason: This is the best answer. Menopause is the natural transition that occurs when the ovaries stop producing eggs and hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone. It causes the menstrual cycle to end, and the client to experience various physical and emotional changes. Menopause may cause symptoms such as dry eyes, fatigue, poor sleep patterns, weight gain, and frequent urination, as well as hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and vaginal dryness.

Choice D reason: This is not the correct answer. Dehydration is a condition that occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. It causes the blood volume and pressure to drop, and the body to function less efficiently. Dehydration may cause symptoms such as fatigue, dry mouth, headache, and dizziness, but it does not cause dry eyes, weight gain, or frequent urination. In fact, dehydration may cause the opposite of frequent urination, which is reduced or dark urine.

Choice A reason: This is a harmful action that will not strengthen the client's self-concept. A sedentary lifestyle may lead to physical and mental health problems, such as obesity, diabetes, depression, and low self-esteem. The nurse should encourage the client to adopt a healthy lifestyle that includes physical activity, nutrition, and rest.

Choice B reason: This is an ineffective action that will not strengthen the client's self-concept. Closed-ended questions and statements are those that can be answered with a yes or no, or a short response. They do not allow the client to express their thoughts, feelings, and opinions. The nurse should use open-ended questions and statements that invite the client to elaborate and share their perspective.

Choice C reason: This is the best answer. Effective coping skills are those that help the client to manage stress, emotions, and challenges in a positive and adaptive way. They include relaxation techniques, problem-solving strategies, social support, and positive self-talk. The nurse should encourage the client to use these skills to enhance their self-concept and well-being.

Choice D reason: This is a counterproductive action that will not strengthen the client's self-concept. Avoiding discussing the client's fears or anxieties may make them feel isolated, misunderstood, or ashamed. The nurse should create a safe and supportive environment where the client can openly discuss their concerns and receive empathy and guidance.