Development progressing from the center of the body in an outward direction is called what?

Choice A reason: This is not an example of cephalocaudal growth. Growth progressing from inward to outward is an example of proximodistal growth, which is the pattern of growth that occurs from the center of the body to the extremities. For example, infants can control their trunk muscles before their fingers.

Choice B reason: This is the best answer. Growth progressing from the top downward is an example of cephalocaudal growth, which is the pattern of growth that occurs from the head to the feet. For example, infants can lift their head before they can walk.

Choice C reason: This is not an example of cephalocaudal growth. The simple to complex principle is the principle of development that states that skills and abilities become more sophisticated and refined over time. For example, infants can babble before they can talk.

Choice D reason: This is not an example of cephalocaudal growth. The general to specific principle is the principle of development that states that skills and abilities become more differentiated and specialized over time. For example, infants can grasp objects before they can write.

Choice A reason: This is a correct answer. Slower reaction time is a common finding on the older adult, as the nervous system becomes less efficient and responsive with age. The older adult may have difficulty processing information, responding to stimuli, or performing complex tasks. The nurse should assess the older adult's cognitive and sensory function, and provide them with safety and assistance as needed.

Choice B reason: This is a correct answer. Decreased intestinal motility is a common finding on the older adult, as the digestive system becomes slower and weaker with age. The older adult may have problems with constipation, indigestion, or malabsorption. The nurse should assess the older adult's bowel habits, dietary intake, and nutritional status, and provide them with education and intervention as needed.

Choice C reason: This is a correct answer. Increased risk for respiratory infections is a common finding on the older adult, as the immune system becomes less effective and protective with age. The older adult may have more susceptibility to viruses, bacteria, or fungi that can cause pneumonia, bronchitis, or tuberculosis. The nurse should assess the older adult's respiratory function, symptoms, and history, and provide them with prevention and treatment as needed.

Choice D reason: This is not a correct answer. Increased bladder capacity is not a common finding on the older adult, as the urinary system becomes smaller and less elastic with age. The older adult may have problems with urinary incontinence, retention, or infection. The nurse should assess the older adult's urinary habits, output, and quality, and provide them with education and intervention as needed.

Choice E reason: This is a correct answer. Decalcification of bones is a common finding on the older adult, as the skeletal system becomes less dense and strong with age. The older adult may have problems with osteoporosis, fractures, or arthritis. The nurse should assess the older adult's bone health, mobility, and pain, and provide them with education and intervention as needed.