During an outbreak of measles, nurses are giving measles vaccinations to susceptible persons. Which of the following best describes the type of immunity that will follow the administration of these injections?
Herd immunity
Natural immunity
Acquired immunity
Active immunity
The Correct Answer is D
A. Herd immunity: Herd immunity occurs when a large portion of the population is immune, reducing the spread of disease. However, the individual receiving the vaccine develops active immunity, not herd immunity.
B. Natural immunity: Natural immunity occurs after infection and recovery, not from vaccination.
C. Acquired immunity: While acquired immunity includes both active (vaccination or infection) and passive (antibodies from mother or immunoglobulin) immunity, the most specific answer is active immunity.
D. Active immunity: Vaccines stimulate the immune system to develop long-term immunity by producing antibodies against the virus.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Endemic: An endemic disease is one that is consistently present in a population at expected levels, such as malaria in some tropical regions. Food poisoning outbreaks are not endemic.
B. Epidemic: An epidemic occurs when there is a sudden increase in cases of a disease within a specific population, as seen in this outbreak of food poisoning among picnic attendees.
C. Pandemic: A pandemic affects multiple countries or continents, which does not apply to this localized outbreak.
D. Polidemic: The term "polidemic" is not commonly used in epidemiology; the correct term for a localized outbreak is "epidemic."
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Clients with HIV infection are encouraged to use condoms to protect sexual partners. This is an example of primary prevention, which aims to prevent disease transmission before it occurs.
B. Health care workers are required to have a tuberculosis skin test or chest X-ray. Secondary prevention involves early detection and screening to identify disease in its early stages before symptoms develop or to prevent progression. TB screening (skin tests or chest X-rays) allows for early identification and treatment, preventing further transmission and severe disease.
C. Health care workers are encouraged to receive annual vaccinations for influenza. This is also primary prevention because vaccinations help prevent initial infection.
D. Clients with HIV infection are given medications to improve immunological response. This represents tertiary prevention, which focuses on managing existing disease to prevent complications.
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