The nurse understands that which of the following diseases can be prevented through immunization?

A. Risk communication: Risk communication involves informing the public about health risks but does not specifically address social inequalities in environmental hazards.

B. Tertiary prevention: Tertiary prevention focuses on managing existing health conditions, not preventing environmental injustices.

C. Environmental epidemiology: Environmental epidemiology studies the relationship between environmental exposures and health outcomes but does not directly advocate against environmental injustice.

D. Environmental justice: Environmental justice focuses on ensuring that all communities, regardless of race or socioeconomic status, receive equal protection from environmental hazards. Opposing the construction of a waste site in a disadvantaged area aligns with this principle.

A. Having the knowledge and skill set needed to advocate for the patient, but not being able to act on it due to not having the authority to do so. Moral distress occurs when a nurse knows the right action to take but is constrained by external factors such as policies, hierarchy, or legal limitations.

B. Having the authority to call off a code, then realizing the decision was harmful to the patient. This describes moral regret or ethical uncertainty, not moral distress. Moral distress occurs when a nurse is unable to act according to their ethical beliefs.

C. Having the authority to override a physician's order for pain medication. This describes an ethical dilemma rather than moral distress. Moral distress arises when a nurse cannot act despite knowing the right course of action.

D. Having the knowledge and skill set needed to provide culturally competent care. Cultural competence is an important aspect of nursing, but it does not describe moral distress, which involves ethical conflict and external barriers.