Which of the following medications is effective for enuresis?
Gabapentin
Laxatives
Desmopressin
SSRIS
The Correct Answer is C
A. Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant and neuropathic pain medication that has no role in treating enuresis. It works by modulating calcium channels and is primarily used for seizures, neuropathic pain, and restless leg syndrome.
B. Laxatives. While constipation can contribute to enuresis by exerting pressure on the bladder, laxatives do not directly treat bedwetting. Instead, addressing constipation may help reduce nocturnal enuresis in some cases.
C. Desmopressin (DDAVP) is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for enuresis. It is a synthetic analog of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) that reduces night-time urine production, making it effective for nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) in children.
D. SSRIs. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used for depression, anxiety, and OCD but have no primary role in enuresis treatment. In some cases, they may actually cause urinary retention or incontinence as a side effect rather than improving enuresis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Micromanages others. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) exhibit excessive control and perfectionism, often micromanaging tasks and people to ensure everything is done "correctly." They struggle with delegating responsibilities because they believe others will not meet their high standards.
B. Perfectionist. Rigid perfectionism is a core feature of OCPD. Individuals set unrealistically high expectations for themselves and others, leading to chronic dissatisfaction, procrastination, and inefficiency because they fear making mistakes.
C. Workaholic. Those with OCPD are often preoccupied with work and productivity, sometimes neglecting personal relationships and leisure activities. They may prioritize tasks over social interactions, believing that relaxation is a sign of laziness.
D. Wants to be alone. Unlike schizoid personality disorder, individuals with OCPD do not prefer isolation. They often engage with others in structured environments but struggle in relationships due to their rigid expectations, stubbornness, and excessive control over details rather than a genuine desire to be alone.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Clozapine (Clozaril) is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic known for its strong dopamine (D2) and serotonin (5-HT2A) blockade. It is primarily used for treatment-resistant schizophrenia but has a high risk of agranulocytosis, metabolic syndrome, and sedation, requiring regular blood monitoring.
B. Haloperidol (Haldol) is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic that strongly blocks dopamine (D2) receptors, leading to a high risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) such as dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, and akathisia. It is commonly used for acute psychosis and agitation.
C. Fluphenazine (Prolixin is a first-generation antipsychotic that also strongly antagonizes D2 receptors, making it effective for chronic schizophrenia but highly associated with EPS. It is available in long-acting injectable (LAI) form for maintenance therapy.
D. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) is a first-generation, low-potency antipsychotic with strong sedative, anticholinergic, and hypotensive effects. While it has a lower risk of EPS compared to high-potency FGAs like haloperidol, it causes more sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and weight gain due to histamine and muscarinic receptor blockade.
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