Excessive secretion of aldosterone causes which of the following responses?
Increased plasma potassium
Increased plasma sodium
Decreased plasma phosphorus
Decreased plasma calcium
The Correct Answer is B
A. Excessive aldosterone causes increased reabsorption of sodium and water, and the excretion of potassium. Therefore, excessive aldosterone would typically decrease plasma potassium levels, not increase them.
B. Aldosterone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium, leading to increased plasma sodium levels. This is the correct effect of excessive aldosterone secretion.
C. Phosphorus levels are not directly affected by aldosterone; its primary role is in regulating sodium and potassium balance.
D. Aldosterone does not directly regulate calcium levels in the blood, so plasma calcium levels are not significantly affected by aldosterone secretion.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The renal afferent arteriole does not play a role in reabsorbing glucose. Glucose reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron, not in the afferent arteriole.
B. The afferent arteriole does not reabsorb potassium and magnesium. These electrolytes are reabsorbed in specific segments of the nephron, such as the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle.
C. The renal afferent arteriole delivers blood to the nephron, specifically to the glomerulus, where filtration of blood occurs. This is its primary function in the kidney's filtration process.
D. The afferent arteriole does not act as a holding area for filtrate. Filtrate is formed in the glomerulus, and it then moves into the Bowman's capsule and through the nephron.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone, the central part that extends between the two epiphyses (ends). It is primarily composed of compact bone and houses the bone marrow.
B. The periosteum is a dense layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones, except at the joints. It does not represent the shaft of the bone.
C. The cortex refers to the outer layer of the bone, specifically the compact bone that surrounds the spongy bone in the diaphysis. It is not synonymous with the shaft.
D. Osteoid is the organic matrix of bone tissue, composed of collagen and other proteins, but it does not refer to the shaft of a bone.
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