For each risk factor, click to specify whether the risk factor would most likely result in a mechanical or functional bowel obstruction.
Hernia
Hypokalemia
Anesthesia from surgery
Intestinal tumor
Pancreatitis
Adhesions
The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"B"}}
A. Hernia causes mechanical bowel obstruction by physically trapping or compressing the intestine, preventing content passage. This aligns with the patient’s hernia, creating a structural blockage consistent with clinical findings.
B. Hypokalemia leads to functional bowel obstruction by disrupting intestinal motility through electrolyte imbalances, impairing muscle contractions without physical blockage. This matches the patient’s hypokalemia, exacerbating adynamic ileus.
C. Anesthesia from surgery causes functional bowel obstruction by slowing intestinal peristalsis, often resulting in postoperative ileus. This aligns with the patient’s recent anesthesia exposure, disrupting coordinated muscle contractions.
D. Intestinal tumor results in mechanical bowel obstruction by physically blocking or compressing the intestinal lumen, impeding content flow. The patient’s tumor aligns with this mechanism, a common cause of mechanical obstruction.
E. Pancreatitis contributes to functional bowel obstruction by causing inflammation or retroperitoneal irritation, leading to adynamic ileus without physical blockage. This matches the patient’s pancreatitis, disrupting intestinal motility.
F. Adhesions cause mechanical bowel obstruction by forming fibrous bands that kink or compress the intestine, blocking content passage. The patient’s adhesion history aligns with this, a leading cause of small bowel obstruction
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Poison ivy causes a type IV (cell-mediated) hypersensitivity reaction, where T-cells react to urushiol, triggering a delayed inflammatory response. This leads to dermatitis with itching and rash, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Allergic hypersensitivity is a broad term, often referring to type I (IgE-mediated) reactions, like anaphylaxis. Poison ivy involves T-cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity, not immediate allergic responses, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Immune complex hypersensitivity (type III) involves antigen-antibody complexes causing tissue damage, as in lupus. Poison ivy reactions are T-cell-driven, not immune complex-mediated, making this choice incorrect for the reaction.
Choice D reason: Cytotoxic hypersensitivity (type II) involves antibodies attacking cell surface antigens, as in hemolytic anemia. Poison ivy causes a T-cell-mediated skin reaction, not antibody-driven cytotoxicity, making this choice incorrect.
Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Smoking introduces carcinogens like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, damaging DNA and promoting mutations in lung, throat, and other tissues. Chronic exposure increases cancer risk, particularly lung cancer, by disrupting cellular repair mechanisms, making this a correct risk factor.
Choice B reason: Obesity increases cancer risk through chronic inflammation and hormonal imbalances, like elevated estrogen, linked to breast and endometrial cancers. However, it is not listed in the provided options, so it cannot be selected, though it is scientifically relevant.
Choice C reason: Tanning without sunscreen exposes skin to UV radiation, causing DNA damage in melanocytes and increasing melanoma risk. UV-induced mutations disrupt cell cycle regulation, promoting uncontrolled cell growth, making this a correct cancer risk factor.
Choice D reason: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cancers like cervical and oropharyngeal by integrating viral DNA into host cells, disrupting tumor suppressor genes. Chronic infection leads to cellular transformation, making this a correct risk factor for specific cancers.
Choice E reason: Family history of cancer indicates genetic predispositions, such as BRCA mutations, increasing risks for breast, ovarian, or other cancers. Inherited mutations impair DNA repair or cell cycle control, making this a correct risk factor for cancer development.
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