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For each risk factor, click to specify whether the risk factor would most likely result in a mechanical or functional bowel obstruction.

A.

Hernia

B.

Hypokalemia

C.

Anesthesia from surgery

D.

Intestinal tumor

E.

Pancreatitis

F.

Adhesions

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"B"}}

A. Hernia causes mechanical bowel obstruction by physically trapping or compressing the intestine, preventing content passage. This aligns with the patient’s hernia, creating a structural blockage consistent with clinical findings.

B. Hypokalemia leads to functional bowel obstruction by disrupting intestinal motility through electrolyte imbalances, impairing muscle contractions without physical blockage. This matches the patient’s hypokalemia, exacerbating adynamic ileus.

C. Anesthesia from surgery causes functional bowel obstruction by slowing intestinal peristalsis, often resulting in postoperative ileus. This aligns with the patient’s recent anesthesia exposure, disrupting coordinated muscle contractions.

D. Intestinal tumor results in mechanical bowel obstruction by physically blocking or compressing the intestinal lumen, impeding content flow. The patient’s tumor aligns with this mechanism, a common cause of mechanical obstruction.

E. Pancreatitis contributes to functional bowel obstruction by causing inflammation or retroperitoneal irritation, leading to adynamic ileus without physical blockage. This matches the patient’s pancreatitis, disrupting intestinal motility.

F. Adhesions cause mechanical bowel obstruction by forming fibrous bands that kink or compress the intestine, blocking content passage. The patient’s adhesion history aligns with this, a leading cause of small bowel obstruction


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Heart failure is a consequence of CAD, not a cause. It results from impaired cardiac function, often due to ischemia from CAD, but does not directly contribute to coronary artery plaque formation, making this incorrect.

Choice B reason: Pneumonia affects the lungs, causing infection and inflammation, not coronary arteries. It may increase cardiac demand, but it does not cause atherosclerosis or CAD, making this choice incorrect for CAD development.

Choice C reason: Low blood pressure does not cause CAD; it may result from cardiac issues. CAD is driven by atherosclerosis from risk factors like diabetes, not hypotension, making this choice incorrect for causing CAD.

Choice D reason: Diabetes causes CAD by promoting atherosclerosis through hyperglycemia, which damages endothelial cells, increases inflammation, and accelerates plaque formation in coronary arteries. This is a major risk factor, making this the correct choice.

Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Pyelonephritis, a bacterial kidney infection, causes intrarenal AKI by directly damaging renal parenchyma through inflammation and tubular injury. The infection disrupts nephron function, reducing filtration and leading to acute kidney injury, making this a correct cause of intrarenal damage.

Choice B reason: Nephrotoxins, such as certain drugs or chemicals, cause intrarenal AKI by directly injuring tubular epithelial cells. This disrupts renal filtration and reabsorption, leading to acute kidney injury through toxic cellular damage, making this a correct cause of intrarenal AKI.

Choice C reason: A bladder tumor causes postrenal AKI by obstructing urine outflow, leading to backpressure on the kidneys. It does not directly damage renal parenchyma, as intrarenal AKI requires, making this choice incorrect for intrarenal causes of kidney injury.

Choice D reason: Dehydration causes prerenal AKI by reducing blood volume and renal perfusion, not directly damaging the renal parenchyma. Intrarenal AKI involves intrinsic kidney damage, so dehydration’s hypoperfusion effect makes this choice incorrect for intrarenal AKI.

Choice E reason: Ureteral obstruction causes postrenal AKI by blocking urine flow, increasing pressure on the kidneys. It does not involve direct parenchymal damage, as required for intrarenal AKI, making this choice incorrect for the specified type of kidney injury.

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