What is a manifestation of type 1 diabetes?

A. Hernia causes mechanical bowel obstruction by physically trapping or compressing the intestine, preventing content passage. This aligns with the patient’s hernia, creating a structural blockage consistent with clinical findings.

B. Hypokalemia leads to functional bowel obstruction by disrupting intestinal motility through electrolyte imbalances, impairing muscle contractions without physical blockage. This matches the patient’s hypokalemia, exacerbating adynamic ileus.

C. Anesthesia from surgery causes functional bowel obstruction by slowing intestinal peristalsis, often resulting in postoperative ileus. This aligns with the patient’s recent anesthesia exposure, disrupting coordinated muscle contractions.

D. Intestinal tumor results in mechanical bowel obstruction by physically blocking or compressing the intestinal lumen, impeding content flow. The patient’s tumor aligns with this mechanism, a common cause of mechanical obstruction.

E. Pancreatitis contributes to functional bowel obstruction by causing inflammation or retroperitoneal irritation, leading to adynamic ileus without physical blockage. This matches the patient’s pancreatitis, disrupting intestinal motility.

F. Adhesions cause mechanical bowel obstruction by forming fibrous bands that kink or compress the intestine, blocking content passage. The patient’s adhesion history aligns with this, a leading cause of small bowel obstruction

Choice A reason: Hypoparathyroidism causes hypocalcemia due to low parathyroid hormone, reducing calcium levels. Low calcium leads to neuromuscular excitability, causing muscle cramps and tetany, a hallmark symptom, making this the correct manifestation of hypoparathyroidism.

Choice B reason: Increased urination is associated with diabetes or hypercalcemia, not hypoparathyroidism. Hypoparathyroidism causes hypocalcemia, which does not directly affect urine output, making this choice incorrect for the condition’s manifestations.

Choice C reason: Weight gain is not a direct manifestation of hypoparathyroidism. Hypocalcemia affects neuromuscular function, not metabolism or weight. Hypothyroidism may cause weight gain, but hypoparathyroidism does not, making this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: Hypertension is not typical of hypoparathyroidism, which causes hypocalcemia and neuromuscular symptoms. Hyperparathyroidism or other conditions may cause hypertension via hypercalcemia, but hypoparathyroidism does not, making this choice incorrect.