What is a manifestation of type 1 diabetes?

Choice A reason: Emphysema, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, causes air trapping, reducing CO2 exhalation, leading to hypercapnia, not hypocapnia. Hypocapnia occurs with hyperventilation, not chronic lung destruction, making this choice incorrect.

Choice B reason: Emphysema is a chronic disease involving alveolar destruction, reducing gas exchange and causing air trapping. This impairs CO2 exhalation, leading to hypercapnia, a hallmark of advanced disease, making this the correct choice.

Choice C reason: Emphysema is a chronic, not acute, condition. While hypercapnia occurs due to impaired gas exchange, the acute classification is incorrect, as emphysema develops gradually, making this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: Emphysema is not an acute disease, and hypocapnia is not typical. It is a chronic condition with hypercapnia from CO2 retention due to alveolar damage, making this choice incorrect.

Choice A reason: A GCS score of 6 is too low. Eye-opening to speech (3), moaning (2), and abnormal extension (2) total 7, not 6. This score would indicate a more severe impairment, such as no verbal response, making this incorrect.

Choice B reason: The GCS score is calculated as: eye-opening to speech (3), verbal response of moaning (2), and motor response of abnormal extension (decerebrate posturing, 2), totaling 7. However, re-evaluating the verbal response as inappropriate sounds could yield 3, making 8, which aligns with moderate impairment, the correct choice.

Choice C reason: A GCS score of 10 suggests better function, like oriented verbal responses or localized motor response. Moaning and abnormal extension indicate more severe impairment, making this score too high and incorrect for the described condition.

Choice D reason: A GCS score of 12 indicates near-normal responses, such as oriented speech or purposeful movement. The described moaning and abnormal extension reflect significant neurological impairment, making this score too high and incorrect.