What type of pain does a client experience immediately after spraining their ankle?
Visceral
Chronic
Acute
Referred
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Visceral pain arises from internal organs due to stretching or inflammation, not from musculoskeletal injuries like an ankle sprain. An ankle sprain causes localized tissue damage, producing sharp, immediate pain, not the dull, diffuse pain typical of visceral sources, making this incorrect.
Choice B reason: Chronic pain persists beyond three months, often from ongoing conditions like arthritis. An ankle sprain causes immediate, short-term pain due to acute tissue injury, not prolonged pain, making chronic pain incorrect for the immediate aftermath of a sprain.
Choice C reason: Acute pain occurs immediately after injury, like an ankle sprain, due to tissue damage, inflammation, and activation of nociceptors. It is sharp and localized, resolving with healing, matching the description of pain right after a sprain, making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Referred pain is felt in a different area from the injury source, such as shoulder pain from a heart attack. An ankle sprain causes localized pain at the injury site, not referred pain, making this choice incorrect for the described scenario.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Smoking introduces carcinogens like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, damaging DNA and promoting mutations in lung, throat, and other tissues. Chronic exposure increases cancer risk, particularly lung cancer, by disrupting cellular repair mechanisms, making this a correct risk factor.
Choice B reason: Obesity increases cancer risk through chronic inflammation and hormonal imbalances, like elevated estrogen, linked to breast and endometrial cancers. However, it is not listed in the provided options, so it cannot be selected, though it is scientifically relevant.
Choice C reason: Tanning without sunscreen exposes skin to UV radiation, causing DNA damage in melanocytes and increasing melanoma risk. UV-induced mutations disrupt cell cycle regulation, promoting uncontrolled cell growth, making this a correct cancer risk factor.
Choice D reason: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cancers like cervical and oropharyngeal by integrating viral DNA into host cells, disrupting tumor suppressor genes. Chronic infection leads to cellular transformation, making this a correct risk factor for specific cancers.
Choice E reason: Family history of cancer indicates genetic predispositions, such as BRCA mutations, increasing risks for breast, ovarian, or other cancers. Inherited mutations impair DNA repair or cell cycle control, making this a correct risk factor for cancer development.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Acidosis does not enhance gastrointestinal potassium absorption. Hyperkalemia in acidosis results from cellular shifts, not increased absorption, as hydrogen ions affect potassium movement, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Acidosis does not increase renal potassium excretion; it causes hyperkalemia by shifting potassium out of cells. Hypokalemia may occur in alkalosis, not acidosis, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Acidosis causes hyperkalemia as excess hydrogen ions enter cells to buffer pH, displacing potassium into the bloodstream. This cellular shift elevates serum potassium, making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Acidosis promotes potassium release from cells, not uptake, causing hyperkalemia. Hypokalemia occurs in alkalosis, where potassium enters cells, making this choice incorrect for acidosis effects.
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