(From external source) Which bacteria produce enterotoxins that cause watery diarrhea in cases of bacterial gastroenteritis?
Salmonella and Campylobacter.
Shigella and Yersinia.
Vibrio cholerae and Clostridium perfringens.
E. coli and C. diff.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
Salmonella and Campylobacter are known to cause bacterial gastroenteritis, but they typically do not produce enterotoxins that specifically cause watery diarrhea. Instead, they often cause more inflammatory types of diarrhea.
Choice B rationale:
Shigella and Yersinia can also cause bacterial gastroenteritis, but their mechanisms of causing diarrhea are different from enterotoxin production. Shigella is known to cause bloody diarrhea, while Yersinia can lead to abdominal pain and fever.
Choice C rationale:
Vibrio cholerae produces the cholera toxin, which leads to watery diarrhea by increasing chloride secretion and inhibiting sodium absorption in the intestines. Clostridium perfringens can produce enterotoxins that lead to watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps.
Choice D rationale:
While E. coli can cause gastroenteritis, it usually produces Shiga toxins that lead to bloody diarrhea (as seen in E. coli O157:H7), or it may cause inflammation and not typically result in watery diarrhea. C. difficile is known for causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis, but it's not primarily associated with watery diarrhea.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Diarrhea is not primarily a defense mechanism to eliminate infectious agents. It is usually a response to infections and can lead to significant fluid and electrolyte losses, which can be harmful.
Choice B rationale:
Medicines for diarrhea can interfere with the body's natural process of eliminating the infectious agent. Moreover, some anti-diarrheal medications can slow down the bowel motility, which may worsen dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
Choice C rationale:
Toxic megacolon is a severe complication of conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, not a common adverse effect of diarrhea medicines. This response may confuse the mother and is not directly related to the child's gastroenteritis.
Choice D rationale:
While it is true that diarrhea is a common symptom of gastroenteritis and usually resolves on its own, it is important to address the potential risks of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances that can occur, especially in children.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Vital signs are crucial to assess the child's overall condition and the severity of gastroenteritis. Elevated heart rate and decreased blood pressure may indicate dehydration.
Choice B rationale:
Travel history is important to identify potential sources of infection or exposure, which can help determine appropriate treatment and infection control measures.
Choice C rationale:
Urinary output can be monitored to assess the child's hydration status. Decreased urine output may indicate dehydration.
Choice D rationale:
Blood glucose level, while relevant in some medical conditions, is not a primary consideration in the assessment of gastroenteritis.
Choice E rationale:
Skin turgor reflects the degree of dehydration. Poor skin turgor may indicate significant fluid loss.
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