In the elderly what is a common sign of urinary tract infection (UTI)?

A. Multiple life changes and hormone deficiencies: These factors may contribute to psychological stress but do not directly increase the risk of physical injury.

B. Bone demineralization and peripheral neuropathy: Chronic renal failure often leads to bone demineralization (secondary to disrupted calcium-phosphorus metabolism) and peripheral neuropathy (due to uremic toxins), both of which increase injury risk.

C. Impaired immune response and malnutrition: These are common in chronic renal failure but are more related to infection risk than injury.

D. Fatigue and drug side effects: While fatigue and medication effects can contribute to falls, the primary causes are bone and nerve damage.

A. Irritability and hyperactivity: Glomerulonephritis does not directly cause these symptoms; neurological changes are more associated with uremia in advanced kidney disease.

B. Low blood volume with polyuria: Glomerulonephritis often leads to fluid retention rather than polyuria, resulting in increased blood pressure.

C. Low levels of BUN and creatinine: BUN and creatinine levels are typically elevated due to impaired filtration.

D. Moderate to high blood pressure: The inflammatory process in glomerulonephritis often leads to fluid retention and hypertension.