Ordered: bethanechol chloride (Urecholine) 2.5mg. SC, stat. On hand: bethanechol chloride 5mg/ml. Give ___________ ml. (show all work or no credit)

A. Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia is the most life-threatening effect of renal failure because elevated potassium levels can cause dangerous cardiac arrhythmias or cardiac arrest.

B. Hypokalemia: Hypokalemia is not commonly associated with renal failure and is less immediately life-threatening than hyperkalemia.

C. Hypernatremia: While fluid imbalances can lead to hypernatremia, it is less critical than hyperkalemia in renal failure.

D. Hyponatremia: Although hyponatremia can occur in renal failure, its effects are typically less acutely life-threatening than hyperkalemia.

A. Urinary calculi, probably located in the ureter: Ureteral stones may cause flank pain or hematuria, but symptoms like urgency and cloudy urine are more indicative of infection.

B. Cystitis, probably from bacterial contamination: The symptoms of urgency, frequency, suprapubic pain, and dark, cloudy urine strongly suggest bacterial cystitis (UTI).

C. Kidney infection, most likely pyelonephritis: Pyelonephritis typically presents with systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, and flank pain, which are not described here.

D. Interstitial cystitis (although rare in a male patient): Interstitial cystitis is a chronic condition that is not usually associated with cloudy urine or bacterial contamination.