Mark is providing patient education to his patient with a fracture repair. He notices that she is very motivated to read all of the provided written material and pamphlets and hasn't sought any feedback for the information she is learning.

Mark's patient is most likely:

Choice A reason: A novice nurse is more likely to rely on formal, theoretical knowledge because they have limited clinical experience. They often depend on established guidelines and protocols to guide their critical thinking and clinical reasoning.

Choice B reason: An expert nurse, with extensive clinical experience, is likely to integrate theoretical knowledge with practical experience. They use critical thinking and clinical reasoning that is informed by both their formal education and their experiential learning.

Choice C reason: A retired nurse may have once relied on formal knowledge but may not be currently practicing, and their skills could be outdated due to changes in practice standards and medical knowledge.

Choice D reason: A clinical nurse, depending on their level of experience, may rely on formal knowledge to varying degrees. However, without specifying the level of expertise, it is difficult to determine the extent of their reliance on theoretical knowledge.

Please note that

Choice A reason:

Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) systems enhance safety by reducing medication errors and improving the efficiency of the ordering process. They allow direct entry of medical orders into a computer system, which can then be checked for potential errors or interactions.

Choice B reason:

Barcodes are used to ensure the correct patient receives the correct medication and dosage. By scanning the barcode on the patient's wristband and the medication, it helps prevent errors and enhances patient safety.

Choice C reason:

Medication pumps, especially those that are "smart" or computerized, can reduce the risk of medication errors. They allow precise control over the administration of drugs, reducing the chances of overdose or underdose.

Choice D reason:

Patient-sitters, while they provide valuable monitoring and support for patients, are not a technology. They are individuals who assist with patient care and safety, but they do not fall under the category of safety-enhancing technologies like the other options listed.