Which ethical principle refers to acting in ways that avoid harm to others, including even the risk of harm?
Nonmaleficence
Justice
Fidelity
Beneficence
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Nonmaleficence is a fundamental ethical principle in healthcare and bioethics that obligates healthcare professionals to not inflict harm intentionally. It extends to avoiding actions that carry a risk of harm. The term comes from the Latin phrase "primum non nocere," which means "first, do no harm."
Choice B reason: Justice in ethics refers to fairness and equality in the distribution of benefits and burdens among individuals. While it is an important ethical principle, it does not specifically address the avoidance of harm.
Choice C reason: Fidelity involves being faithful to one's commitments and maintaining trust. It is about loyalty and honesty but does not directly relate to the prevention of harm.
Choice D reason: Beneficence is the ethical principle that involves taking actions that benefit others. It is about doing good and promoting the well-being of others, which can include preventing harm, but nonmaleficence is the principle specifically focused on avoiding harm.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Diabetes in a genetically predisposed group is not entirely avoidable due to the genetic risk factors involved. Therefore, labeling it as 'avoidable' is not accurate. Additionally, health disparities are generally considered unacceptable, as they represent inequalities that need to be addressed.
Choice B reason:
While lifestyle changes can help manage diabetes, the genetic predisposition cannot be avoided, making this choice inaccurate. Moreover, health disparities, especially those based on genetics, are not acceptable as they often lead to unequal health outcomes.
Choice C reason:
Genetic predisposition to diabetes is an unavoidable factor; individuals cannot change their genetic makeup. Such health disparities are considered unacceptable because they can lead to inequitable health outcomes and access to care.
Choice D reason:
This choice is incorrect because, although genetic predisposition is unavoidable, the resulting health disparity is not acceptable. Efforts should be made to provide equitable care and support to those with genetic risks for diabetes.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
The Social Determinants Framework focuses on the social factors that contribute to health and well-being, such as socioeconomic status, education, and access to care. While important, it does not encompass the full range of determinants listed.
Choice B reason:
The Cultural Competency Model emphasizes the importance of understanding and respecting cultural differences in healthcare. It is crucial for effective communication and care but does not directly address the determinants mentioned.
Choice C reason:
The Social-Ecological Model includes multiple levels of influence on health, from individual behaviors to broader social and environmental factors. It recognizes the complex interplay between biology, genetics, behavior, and the environment in determining health outcomes.
Choice D reason:
The Donabedian's Quality Assessment Model is a framework for evaluating the quality of healthcare services, focusing on structure, process, and outcomes. It does not specifically address the range of health determinants in the context of population health.
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