Which ethical principle refers to acting in ways that avoid harm to others, including even the risk of harm?

Choice A reason: Societal ethics refer to the values and standards that a society upholds. While important, they are broader and not specific to an individual organization's mission and policies.

Choice B reason: Organizational ethics are specific to a company or institution and include the mission, values, policies, and procedures that guide the behavior of its members. These are established to ensure that the organization operates in a manner consistent with its goals and legal and social responsibilities.

Choice C reason: Personal ethics are the principles that an individual holds about what is right and wrong. These are personal beliefs and may not necessarily align with an organization's policies and procedures.

Choice D reason: Professional ethics are the standards and practices that members of a profession are expected to follow. These can overlap with organizational ethics but are specific to professional conduct within a field.

Choice A reason: Creating a plan of care is a complex process that involves assessing patient needs, setting goals, and determining the appropriate nursing actions to meet those goals. This falls within the RN's scope of practice as it requires specialized knowledge and critical thinking.

Choice B reason: Starting a peripheral IV is a technical skill that requires training and knowledge of anatomy, aseptic technique, and the potential complications associated with IV therapy. This task is typically performed by an RN or other licensed healthcare professional.

Choice C reason: Delegating to a patient care technician does not fall ONLY under an RN's scope of practice. While RNs can delegate tasks, other healthcare team members, such as licensed practical nurses (LPNs), may also have the authority to delegate certain tasks within their scope of practice.

Choice D reason: Analyzing data collected is an integral part of the nursing process, which includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. RNs are trained to interpret patient data to make informed decisions about care.

Choice E reason: Giving blood, or administering blood transfusions, is a responsibility that requires understanding of blood types, transfusion reactions, and monitoring. This is within the RN's scope of practice and requires specific training and competency.