Metabolic acidosis may be associated with:

Increased chloride levels

All of the above.

Increased metabolic acids.

Decreased bicarbonate

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Increased chloride levels, also known as hyperchloremia, can occur in metabolic acidosis as part of the body's attempt to balance acid-base status.

B. All of the options listed contribute to metabolic acidosis. Increased metabolic acids, decreased bicarbonate, and increased chloride levels can all be present in metabolic acidosis, making this the correct answer.

C. Increased metabolic acids, such as lactic acid or ketoacids, are a key feature of metabolic acidosis.

D. In metabolic acidosis, bicarbonate levels decrease as the body compensates by buffering excess acid with available bicarbonate.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Desmopressin (DDAVP) is the correct treatment for Diabetes insipidus. This medication is a synthetic form of vasopressin, which helps the kidneys to retain water, thereby reducing the symptoms of excessive urination and thirst in individuals with Diabetes insipidus.

B. Furosemide is a loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention, not Diabetes insipidus. It increases urine output, which would worsen the condition in patients with Diabetes insipidus.

C. Diuretics are used to increase urine output and are not used in the treatment of Diabetes insipidus, as they could exacerbate dehydration.

D. Corticosteroids are not used to treat Diabetes insipidus. They are typically used to treat inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, but not Diabetes insipidus.

A. Enhanced bone formation caused by increased activity of osteoclasts B. Increased bone resorption caused by increased activity of osteoblasts C. Enhanced bone formation caused by increased activity of osteoblasts D. Increased bone resorption caused by increased activity of osteoclasts

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, not formation. Increased osteoclast activity leads to excessive bone breakdown, not enhanced formation.

B. Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation. In osteoporosis, osteoblast activity is not increased; rather, it is osteoclast activity that is dysregulated, leading to bone loss.

C. Enhanced bone formation is typically seen in conditions like osteopetrosis or during bone healing. Osteoporosis is characterized by an imbalance in favor of bone resorption, not formation.

D. Osteoporosis is characterized by increased bone resorption, which is primarily driven by osteoclast activity. This leads to a decrease in bone density and an increased risk of fractures.

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Metabolic acidosis may be associated with:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What pharmacologic treatment can be used to treat Diabetes insipidus?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

An imbalance in bone remodeling characteristic of osteoporosis is caused by:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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