Metabolic acidosis may be associated with:

A. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), serum bicarbonate is typically decreased, not increased. The decrease is due to metabolic acidosis resulting from the accumulation of ketones.

B. Serum potassium is often elevated in DKA initially due to the shift of potassium from inside the cells to the bloodstream as a result of acidosis. However, potassium levels may drop with treatment, especially with insulin administration, which drives potassium back into cells.

C. Urine pH in DKA is often acidic due to the presence of ketones, which are acidic byproducts of fat metabolism. A urine pH of 4.0 indicates aciduria, which is consistent with ketoacidosis.

D. Serum pH in DKA is typically low (below 7.35), indicating acidosis. A serum pH of 7.5 would suggest alkalosis, which is not typical of DKA.

A. Pancrelipase is used to replace pancreatic enzymes in clients with pancreatic insufficiency, but it is not typically prescribed in the acute phase of pancreatitis. During acute pancreatitis, the priority is to rest the pancreas, which means withholding pancreatic enzymes.

B. Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that reduces gastric acid secretion. It is commonly prescribed for clients with acute pancreatitis to reduce the risk of stress ulcers, which can occur due to the inflammatory process and the use of medications like corticosteroids.

C. A low-residue diet is not typically indicated in the acute phase of pancreatitis. The client is usually kept NPO (nothing by mouth) initially to rest the pancreas and allow for recovery. Once the acute symptoms subside, a low-fat diet may be introduced.

D. While ambulation is important for overall recovery and preventing complications like deep vein thrombosis, it is not a priority in the acute phase of pancreatitis. Rest and monitoring are more critical at this time.